Attraction and Close Relationships Flashcards
Exam 3
What do people display when the need to belong is not met?
Depression, anxiety, efforts to restore relationships, and withdraw
What are exchange relationships?
People expect and desire equity in a relationship (expect immediate repayment of benefits)
What are examples of exchange relationships?
Strangers, acquaintances, business partners
What are communal relationships?
People expect and desire mutual responsiveness to each other’s needs (care for people without worrying about getting something for it)
What are examples of communal relationships?
Close friendships, romantic relationships, family
What is the social exchange theory?
Variables that predict satisfaction and commitment in relationships (romantic relationships possibly friendships)
What variables lead to satisfaction?
Rewards - Costs - Comparison Level (CL)
What variables lead to commitment?
Satisfaction - Comparison level for alternatives + Investments
Why was attachment theory created?
To explain how a child interacts with his/her parents
What is anxiety?
Fear of rejection and abandonment
What is avoidance?
Avoid intimacy in relationships
What are the 4 different attachment styles?
Secure, Anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant, fearful-avoidant
What is a secure attachment style?
Confident, comfortable with intimacy
What is an anxious-preoccupied attachment style?
Seek out intimacy because they fear being abandoned (clingy)
What is a dismissive-avoidant attachment style?
Fear intimacy (self-reliant, don’t want to rely on others)
What is a fearful-avoidant attachment style?
Mixed feelings (want to be close, but aren’t comfortable with intimacy) high on both anxiety and avoidance
What 5 things predict attraction?
- Proximity
- Physical Attractiveness
- Similarity
- Reciprocal Liking
- Reactance
What is the propinquity (or Proximity) Effect?
The more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends
What is the single best predictor of attraction?
Physical proximity or nearness
What is the mere exposure effect?
The more often we are exposed to a stimulus, the more we come to like that stimulus
What is an example of the mere exposure effect?
People like pictures of their mirror-image (what they usually see) while their friends like actual pictures
What features are seen as attractive?
Large eyes, big smile, prominent cheekbones, symmetrical features
Why do we like beautiful people?
It is inherently rewarding to be in the company of people who are attractive
What is the ‘what is beautiful is good’ stereotype?
Belief that attractive people also possess positive personality characteristics (also called the halo effect)
