the scientific method + introspection

Question 1

what is introspection

Answer 1

investigating internal events by examining conscious thoughts and feelings and noting them down

Question 2

what is psychology

Answer 2

the scientific study of the brain and the reasoning behind behaviour

Question 3

when did wundt open up his first lab dedicated to introspection

Answer 3

1879

Question 4

why is wundts introspection considered scientific

Answer 4

it is replicable observable and uses standardised procedures

Question 5

what are paradigms

Answer 5

a shared set of assumptions + methods. Kuhn argues psychology does not have a shared set of assumptions or methods and is so is a soft pre science

Question 6

what are paradigm shifts

Answer 6

these occur when researchers question the accepted paradigm and a scientific revolution occurs. too much contradictory evidence makes researchers question the paradigm and a shift happens

Question 7

what is theory construction

Answer 7

theory = set of general was or principles that can explain events/behaviours. theory construction occurs through empiricism (testable)

Question 8

what is hypothesis testing

Answer 8

a theory should suggest clear, precise statements that can be tested using scientific methods to determine whether it will be supported or rejected, if rejected theory needs to be revised

Question 9

what is falsifiability

Answer 9

popper says scientific theories are those where a hypothesis could be tested to find it false. if it cannot be tested then we cannot conclude the hypothesis is correct

Question 10

what is replicability

Answer 10

the ability to repeat experiments and have the same results given offering the theory reliability so we can examine the extent to which it can be generalised

Question 11

objectivity

Answer 11

not allowing personal influence or bias to cloud the data collected or influence the participants behaviour, methods with greatest control tend to be the most objective

Question 12

what evidence do we have that behaviourism is scientific

Answer 12

replicability making it a reliable approach

Question 13

what evidence do we have that behaviourism isn’t scientific

Answer 13

paradigm shifts

Question 14

what evidence do we have that SLT is scientific

Answer 14

replicability

objectivity

Question 15

what evidence do we have that SLT isnt scientific

Answer 15

underestimates nature

Question 16

what evidence do we have that the cognitive approach is scientific

Answer 16

replicability

objectivity

Question 17

what evidence do we have that the cognitive approach isnt scientific

Answer 17

empirical methods theories cannot be tested cognitive psychologists base research on inferences
machine reductionism

Question 18

what evidence do we have that the biological approach is scientific

Answer 18

high replicability due to highly controlled experiments

Question 19

what evidence do we have that the biological approach isnt scientific

Answer 19

paradigm shifts

Question 20

what evidence do we have that the psychodynamic approach is scientific

Answer 20

empirical methods

Question 21

what evidence do we have that the psychodynamic approach isnt scientific

Answer 21

falsifiability

Question 22

what evidence do we have that the humanistic approach is scientific

Answer 22

clear theory construction

Question 23

what evidence do we have that the humanistic approach isnt scientific

Answer 23

unscientific concepts causes a paradigm shift