The Rule of Nicholas II 1894-1905 Flashcards
What was the majority ethnic group in Russia (1897 census)?
Russian: 55.6 million
What were the three predominant minorities in Russia? (1897 census)
Ukrainian: 22.4 million
Polish: 7.9 million
White Russian: 5.8 million
When was serfdom abolished in Russia ?
1861
What percentage of Russians were peasants? (1897)
82%
What percentage of the Russian population were workers ? (1897)
4%
What percentage of the Russian population were upper class and ruling class ?
12% - upper class
0.5% - ruling class
What did the Tsar claim to be in the Russian census of 1897 ?
Landowner of all of Russia
What were the problems of the workers under Alexander III?
Poor working conditions and heavily suppressed
What were the problems of the peasants under Alexander III?
South was overcrowded and they had a lack of education and equipment
How did the Tsar benefit from the class system?
•Lower chance of revolt
•Elevate his position and myth of the Tsar
•Keep those influential close to him
What is the definition of autocracy?
Someone with a birth claim that they are a rightful ruler
What is the definition of dictatorship?
Dictatorship is someone persuading and working their way up to being a ruler
Autocracy - What are the three bodies the Tsar appointed ?
•The Imperial Council
•The Cabinet of Ministers
•The Senate
What are the three bodies of “For Faith, Tsar & Fatherland”?
Autocracy, Nationality and Orthodoxy
When did Nicholas I introduce “For Faith, Tsar & Fatherland”?
1833
Nationality - What was the Tsar obliged to do with nationalities?
Promote and preserve the superior Russian national identity
Orthodoxy- How was the Tsar related to God ?
He was an agent of God and upholder of faith and he acted as the father and the Russian population were his children
When was the start and end of Alexander II’s reign?
1855-1881
What did Alexander II achieve during his reign ?
•Extension of railways
•Emancipation of serfs
When was the start and end of Alexander III’s reign?
1881-1894
What did Alexander III achieve during his reign ?
He adopted Russification of national minorities and persecuted non-orthodox religious groups
When did Nicholas II become King ?
13th May 1896
What was the distressing event that occurred on Nicholas II’s coronation?
In NW Moscow the Kodhnyka field was chosen to accommodate 30,000 people to receive free beer and sausages however 500,000 people showed up and 1,300 died
How did Sergei Witte modernise Russia ?
•Hired foreign experts
•Direct investment in industrial projects
•Foreign investment negotiated
•Increase in indirect taxes