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History Russia > Bolshevik Consolidation of Power > Flashcards

Bolshevik Consolidation of Power Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 stages of Marxist Theory?

A

1.Primitive Communism
2.Slave Society
3.Feudalism
4.Capitalism
5.Socialism
6.Advanced Communism

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2
Q

At what stage is Russia at during the 19th and early 20th century?

A

In between stage 3 and 4 as they are not fully capitalist yet

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3
Q

What did Lenin push for after fleeing to Finland?

A

An armed insurrection but the rest of the party were unsure

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4
Q

When was the secret meeting of the Bolshevik Central Committee to discuss the insurrection?

A

10th October 1917

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5
Q

What were the results of the vote for the insurrection?

A

10:2 with Trotsky abstaining and Zinoviev and Kamanev voting against it

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6
Q

When and what did Kamanev publish in 1917?

A

18th October 1917 - concerns of the Bolsheviks insurrection warning the PG of its existence

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7
Q

What were the results of Kamanev’s publishings?

A

The Soviet Congress delayed its meeting from the 20th October to the 25th October

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8
Q

What was the Military Revolutionary Committee?

A

The military groups created by the Bolsheviks

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9
Q

When did the MRC proclaim to be the head of the Petrograd garrison?

A

21st October 1917

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10
Q

When was the Peter and Paul Fortress captured by the Bolsheviks?

A

23rd October 1917

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11
Q

What did the Bolsheviks achieve on the 24th October 1917?

A

The Red Guard took over GV blockades and captured police stations, railways, post and telegram stations and electricity stations

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12
Q

Why did Lenin decide to take matters into his own hands?

A

By 10pm on 24th October the Central Committee still did not start the insurrection after constant telegrams

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13
Q

Where did Lenin travel to and from to start the insurrection?

A

Finland to the Smolny Institute

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14
Q

When did the insurrection start and end?

A

24th October night to 26th October morning

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15
Q

How did Kerensky try and defend the PG?

A

He called for soldiers and then fled

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16
Q

When did the Winter Palace surrender?

A

2am on 26th October 1917

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17
Q

Was the insurrection bloody and a struggle?

A

According to Bolshevik propaganda it was but in fact they just arrested the people and there was no struggle

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18
Q

When was the new government announced?

A

5am on 26th October 1917

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19
Q

What was hypocritical about Lenin stating he wanted to all power to the Soviets?

A

He didn’t exercise power through the PS

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20
Q

What was the new body Lenin created to exercise power through?

A

Sovnarkom or The Council of People’s Commission

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21
Q

Did people have faith in the new GV?

A

No, Chernov gave it a few days and Tsaralteli gave it 3 weeks

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22
Q

Was the new GV strong?

A

No, Mensheviks and SRs were still in control of many soviets

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23
Q

Were many political people fond of the new GV?

A

No, civil servants created strikes and the State Bank refused to hand over money until armed force was used

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24
Q

What important 3 decrees did Sovnarkom pass?

A

Land Decree
Workers Control Decree
Rights of the People of Russia Decree

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25
Q

What were some early changes Sovnarkom made?

A

8 hour working day
Social insurance to be introduced
Opposition press banned

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26
Q

What did Sovnarkom achieve in November 1917?

A

Abolition of class distinction and titles
Workers controlled factories
Abolition of justice system
Women declared equal to men

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27
Q

What did Sovnarkom achieve in December 1917?

A

Secret police (Cheka) was set up
Banks nationalised
Democratisation of the army
Church land nationalised

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28
Q

What did Sovnarkom achieve in January 1918?

A

Workers control railways
Creation of Red Army
Church and state separated

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29
Q

What did Sovnarkom achieve in February 1918?

A

Nationalisation of industry
Socialisation of land

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30
Q

Why did the Constituent Assembly pose a big threat to Lenin?

A

It was a legitimate body that decided the future of Russia

31
Q

When was the voting for the Constituent Assembly going to take place?

A

12-15th November 1917

32
Q

How many votes and seats did the SR’s get in the Constituent Assembly?

A

17.5 million votes and 370 seats

33
Q

How many votes and seats did the Bolsheviks get in the Constituent Assembly?

A

9.8 million votes and 175 seats

34
Q

How many votes and seats did the national minority groups get in the Constituent Assembly?

A

8.3 million votes and 99 seats

35
Q

How many votes and seats did the Kadets get in the Constituent Assembly?

A

2 million votes and 17 seats

36
Q

Who were the left SR’s?

A

After a split of the SR party a group of pro-Bolshevik SR’s became known as Left SR’s

37
Q

How many votes and seats did the Mensheviks get in the Constituent Assembly?

A

1.25 million votes and 16 seats

38
Q

What was the turnout for the Constituent Assembly elections?

A

40/120 million so a 1/3

39
Q

What did Lenin claim was wrong with the voting for the Constituent Assembly?

A

It did not account for the Left SR’s splitting form the party so the Bolsheviks did not get the votes they deserved

40
Q

When was the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly?

A

5th January 1918

41
Q

How many anti-Bolshevik protestors gathered outside the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly?

A

50,000

42
Q

When was the Constituent Assembly disbanded at gunpoint by the Bolsheviks?

A

6th January 1918

43
Q

How many protestors were killed by Bolshevik forces?

A

10

44
Q

What did the SR’s do when this occurred?

A

They fled to Eastern Russia to set up the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly

45
Q

How many Chekists were there in March 1918?

A

120

46
Q

How many Chekists were there in July 1918?

A

33 battalions

47
Q

How many Chekists were there by 1919?

A

100,000 people

48
Q

How many did the Cheka arrest and execute in the Red Terror?

A

8,500 executed and 85,000 arrested

49
Q

When was the Decree on Peace announced?

A

26th October 1917

50
Q

When did Trotsky apply for an armistice?

A

13th November 1917

51
Q

When do negotiations begin in Poland for an armistice?

A

19th November 1917

52
Q

When was the one month armistice signed?

A

2nd December 1917

53
Q

When did the Bolsheviks meet to discuss attitude to war?

A

8th January 1917

54
Q

How many Bolsheviks met to discuss attitudes to war in January 1917?

A

63 including Trotsky

55
Q

How many Bolsheviks voted in favour of revolutionary war?

A

32

56
Q

How many Bolsheviks voted in favour of no war but no peace?

A

16

57
Q

How many Bolsheviks voted in favour of peace at any price?

A

15

58
Q

Why were most Bolsheviks in favour of revolutionary war?

A

They wanted a communist world order and if they bowed down to a capitalist then it would show communism as weak

59
Q

What was Lenin’s attitude to war?

A

Peace at any cost as that is what he promised

60
Q

What was Trotsky’s attitude to war?

A

No peace but no war to maintain favour

61
Q

When did the Bolshevik Central Committee vote on what stance to take in war negotiations?

A

8th January 1918

62
Q

What was the outcome of the Bolshevik Central Committee vote on what stance to take in war negotiations?

A

9 - 7 for Trotsky’s view (a vote against Lenin)

63
Q

When does Trotsky announce Russia is leaving the war but doesn’t sign peace deal?

A

28th January 1918

64
Q

When did Russia adopt the Gregorian Calendar?

A

February 1st 1918 essentially making it February 14th 1918

65
Q

Why does Trotsky not sign the peace deal?

A

It is annexationist so land would be taken

66
Q

Why were harsher peace terms submitted in the end?

A

German troops advance into Russia further forcing harsher peace terms

67
Q

When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?

A

3rd March 1918

68
Q

What were the consequences of the Treaty of B-L?

A

Lenin threatened to resign and Trotsky resigned as foreign commissar
Very embarrassing and the worst peace treaty ever

69
Q

What did the peace negotiations suggest about Lenin?

A

A direct vote against him shows him as just a figurehead and they are no longer afraid of him

70
Q

What did the peace negotiations suggest about Trotsky?

A

Well-respected and the situation was near impossible for him to get out of

71
Q

What did the peace negotiations suggest about attitudes to war?

A

An annoyance that just had to be got rid of at any cost

72
Q

What did Russia lose in the Treaty of B-L?

A

Lost 6.2 million people (1/6 population)
27% of farmland
74% of iron and coal reserves
26% of railway lines

73
Q

What lands became semi-independent after B-L?

A

Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia and Finland

History Russia (4 decks)

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