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History Russia > Dr Platts Stuff > Flashcards

Dr Platts Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What groups made up the Reds?

A

Workers and Bolshevik peasants including Red Guard and Kronstadt Sailors

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2
Q

What groups made up the Whites?

A

Everyone anti-Bolshevik including liberals, former Tsarists, nationalists, separatists and SRs

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3
Q

What groups made up the Greens?

A

Peasant armies and deserters

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4
Q

Who were the Czech Legion?

A

A group of Czech nationalists formed in WW1 who fought against the Bolsheviks in the civil war

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5
Q

What was the Siberian Anabasis?

A

The fighting between the Czech legion and Bolsheviks along the Trans-Siberian railway and resulted in successful resistance and evacuation of the legion

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6
Q

What did Britain supply the Whites with?

A

£100 million worth of supplies however they did not send troops in order to maintain support for Labour and recency of WW1

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7
Q

What did France supply the Whites with?

A

Millions of Francs in Russian industries and a small number of troops

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8
Q

How did Japan intervene in the war?

A

They seized land in Russia so the US had to send in troops

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9
Q

When did the Polish capture Kiev?

A

May 1920

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10
Q

How did the attacks from the Polish effect the war?

A

It weakened the Whites through the Treaty of Riga

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11
Q

Who was Commissar for War in Russia?

A

Trotsky

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12
Q

What did Trotsky achieve for Russia?

A

Reorganised the strict hierarchy and brought back tsarist officers, soldiers committees were banned, established harsh discipline

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13
Q

Why was hierarchy in the army controversial?

A

It went against Communism

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14
Q

Why was White leadership unsuccessful?

A

They were weak and cruel, soldiers were ill-disciplined, officers lived in brothels doing drunks and drinking

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15
Q

When was conscription introduced?

A

May 1918

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16
Q

What was the size of the Red army in 1919 and 1920?

A

3 million in 1919, 5 million in 1920

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17
Q

How many deserted in 1918 and 1920?

A

1 million in 1918, 4 million in 1920

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18
Q

Why did White support from peasants fall?

A

Kolchak handed out land to those who were not previously landowners driving away peasants

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19
Q

How did Bolsheviks have advantageous geography?

A

They held the industrial heartland around Moscow and Petrograd as well as having their base in the railway heartland

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20
Q

How did the Whites have disadvantageous geography?

A

They held areas scattered around the centre making communication and coordination difficult

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21
Q

How were the Reds better unified?

A

Trotsky organised the army and there was a single, clear structure

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22
Q

Who was Admiral Kolchak?

A

White General who led white forces who used to command Russia’s Black Sea Fleet

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23
Q

How large was Kolchak’s army?

A

150,000 men

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24
Q

When was Kolchak’s army crushed?

A

1919

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25
Q

When was Kolchak captured and executed?

A

1920

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26
Q

Who was General Denikin?

A

Took control of Russia’s southern troops

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27
Q

How large was Denikin’s army?

A

150,000 men but 40,000 were Don Cossacks so were only focused on protecting the Don region not Russia as a whole

28
Q

When was Denikin’s army defeated?

A

November 1920

29
Q

How was Denikin’s army defeated?

A

The Red Army defeated them in a counter attack so Allied warships had to facilitate he evacuation of 150,000 men

30
Q

Who was General Yudenich?

A

He led the smallest of the White Forces

31
Q

How large was Yudenich’s army?

A

15,000 men

32
Q

How was Yudenich’s army defeated?

A

After coming in sight of Petrograd they were crushed by a much larger Bolshevik force

33
Q

When was Yudenich’s army defeated?

A

October 1919

34
Q

What was controversial about Bolshevik economic policy in the first few years after coming to power?

A

It was pragmatic over ideological

35
Q

What were the attempted economic reforms the Bolsheviks made?

A

Banned private trade
Control labour
Nationalise all large scale industry
Replace the money system with a system of rationing

36
Q

What was the rationing system built upon?

A

The grain monopoly

37
Q

When was the grain monopoly introduced?

A

9th May 1918

38
Q

What was the main consequence of the grain monopoly?

A

Northern industrial cities lost half their population between 1918 and 1920

39
Q

How did the grain monopoly work?

A

The Bolshevik forces seized harvest surplus by beating and torturing peasants until the required amount was handed over

40
Q

What is a kulak?

A

The term created by Bolsheviks to describe the capitalist peasants hiding their grain

41
Q

When was the grain monopoly expanded to a general food levy?

A

January 1919

42
Q

What was the problem with the functionality of the grain monopoly?

A

It took seeds that peasants would need to plant for next years harvest

43
Q

Who did the rationing system favour?

A

The working class who received a lot more coupons than previous members of the upper classes

44
Q

When was the Decree on Food Procurement?

A

May 1918

45
Q

What did the Decree on Food Procurement?

A

Made kulaks enemies of the state and put grain requestioning into standard law

46
Q

What was the consequence of banning private trade?

A

A huge black market developed

47
Q

How much of the urban diet came through state rations in 1918 to 1921?

A

Less than 1/3

48
Q

Who were bag-men?

A

People travelling between villages selling food for belongings or stolen goods

49
Q

Why was the railway system clogged in the civil war?

A

The Cheka were sending trains to arrest bag men

50
Q

What percentage of the population did Petrograd lose to War communism?

A

70%

51
Q

What percentage of the population did Moscow lose to War communism?

A

50%

52
Q

What percentage of prostitutes in Moscow were former Bourgeoisie?

A

42%

53
Q

How many members of the intelligentsia fled Russia?

A

2-3 million

54
Q

How many Bolshevik families lived at the Kremlin and best hotels?

A

5000

55
Q

What percentage of trains needed repairs by 1921?

A

70%

56
Q

What was the coal production in 1913 and 1920?

A

31 million in 1913 to 9 million in 1920

57
Q

What was grain production between 1913 and 1920?

A

80 million in 1913 to 46 million in 1920

58
Q

How many died in the famine of 1921 to 1922?

A

5 million

59
Q

How big was the Tambov Uprising?

A

40,000

60
Q

Who led the Tambov uprising?

A

Alexander Antonov who had been imp0risoned for terrorism prior to it

61
Q

When was Tambov uprising?

A

1920-1922

62
Q

How did the Bolsheviks combat the Tambov uprising?

A

Poison gas and opening fire on the masses

63
Q

When was the Kronstadt Mutiny?

A

March 1921

64
Q

How large was the Kronstadt mutiny?

A

10,000 men

65
Q

What was Soviet electrical policy?

A

Wanted to put in a lightbulb in every home and a network of power stations

66
Q

When was the Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement?

A

1921

67
Q
A

History Russia (5 decks)

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