The Respirory System Flashcards
Tidal volume
Volume of air breathed out per breath
Increases during exercise
Inspiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath
decreases during exercise
Expiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration
Slight decrease during exercise
Residual volume
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration
Remains the same during exercise
Minute Ventilation
Volume of air breathed in or out per minute
Large increase during exercise
What muscles are used in inspiration during exercise
Diaphragm - contracts and flattens
External intercostal - contract and raise the rib cage
Sternocleidomastoid - (in the front of the neck) contract and raise the rib cage
Scale new - (in the back of the neck) contract and raise the rib cage
Pectorals minor - contract and raise the rib cage
What muscles are used in inspiration during rest
Diaphragm - contracts and flattens
External intercostals - contact and lift the rib cage
What muscles are used in expiration during exercise
Internal intercostals - contact which reduces the volume of the rib cage and forcibly blows out air
Abdominals - contacts
Diaphragm - relaxes and creates a dome shape
What muscles are used in expiration during rest
Passive process: diaphragm and external metro stalls just relax.
Name the pathway of air to the lungs
1) nose /mouth
2) pharynx
3) larynx
4) trachea
5) bronchus
6) Bronchiole
7) alveoli
Describe gaseous exchange at the alveoli
The oxygen in the alveoli has higher partial pressure than in the blood vessel so diffuses into the vessel down the concentration gradient.
describer gaseous exchange at the muscles
The concentration of oxygen in the bold is higher than the muscle cells. The partial pressure is also higher in the blood vessels meaning it oxygen moves does both the pressure gradient and concentration gradient.
Definition of cilia
Cilia are microscopic hair-like projections that help to sleep away fluids and particles.
Definition of COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A chronic debilitating disease and is the name of a collection of diseases such as emphysema
What is partial pressure
The pressure exerted by a specific gas
