Biomechanics

Question 1

Newton’s law of linear motion

Answer 1

Motion in a straight or curved line, with all body parts moving the same distance the same stepped in the same direction

Question 2

Newton’s first law of motion

Answer 2

Inertia
Every body continues in its state of rest or motion in a straight line, unless compelled to change that sate by external forces exerted upon it

Question 3

Newton’s 2nd law on motion

Answer 3

The law of acceleration

The rate of momentum of the body is proportional to the force causing it and the change that takes place in the direction in which the force acts

The magnitude and direction of the force applied to a body determine the magnitude and direction of the acceleration given to a body

F=ma

Question 4

Newton’s third law of motion

Answer 4

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Question 5

Example of the law of inertia (first law)

Answer 5

In a penalty, the ball watermain on the spot unless it’s kicked by the player.

Question 6

Example of the law of acceleration (second law)

Answer 6

When the player kicks the ball during a game the acceleration of the ball is proportional to the size of the force. So the Harder the ball is kicked the father and fast it will go in the direction in which the force has been applied

Question 7

Example of the law of action/ reaction (Newtons third law)

Answer 7

When a footballer jumps up to win a header a force is exerted on the ground in order to gain height. At the same time, the ground exert an out of force upon the player.

Question 8

Speed distance time equation

Answer 8

D = S x T

Make sure you are using the correct units in all the question

Question 9

Centre of mass

Answer 9

The point of the concentration of mass

The point of balance in the body

Question 10

Factors that affect stability

Answer 10

• The height of the centre of mass
• positioning of the line of gravity
• areas of supporting base
• mass of the performer

Question 11

What is mechanical advantage

Answer 11

When the force arm is longer than the load arm

Question 12

What is mechanical disadvantage

Answer 12

Where the resistance arm is longer than the force arm

Question 13

What are the three levers

Answer 13

FLE
123

First class 
Effort fulcrum load

Second class
Effort - load - fulcrum

Third class
Load - effort - fulcrum

Question 14

What is an example of the first class lever system

Answer 14

Tricep extension

Overhead pass

Question 15

Example of the second class lever system

Answer 15

• (mechanical advantage)

- jumping - plantar flexion

Question 16

Example of the third class lever system

Answer 16

• mechanical disadvantage

E.g. bicep curl

Question 17

Give advantages, disadvantages and examples of the second class lever system

Answer 17

E.g. -plantar flexion at the ankle

Mechanical advantage - can generate much larger forces. Has to lift whole body weight

Mechanical disadvantage - slow, weigh a limited range of movement

Question 18

Give advantages, disadvantages and examples of the first class lever system

Answer 18

E.g triceps in the extension of the elbow

mechanical advantage - large range of movement and any resistance can be moved quickly

Mechanical disadvantage - cannot apply much force to move an object

Question 19

Give advantages, disadvantages and examples of the third class lever system

Answer 19

E.g. biceps in the flexion of the arms

mechanical advantage - large range of movement and any resistance can be moved quickly

Mechanical disadvantage - cannot apply much force to move an object