The Respiratory System Pt. 1 Flashcards
Respiratory System Includes?
the nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, and lungs, provides for gas exchange, the intake of 02, and the removal of C02
Respiratory Function?
regulate blood pH; contains receptors for the sense of smell; filters, warms, and moistens inspired air; produces sounds; and rids the body of some water and heat in exhaled air.
The entire process of gas exchange in the body, called respiration, occurs in three basic steps:
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Internal respiration
The respiratory system can also be divided into 2 parts or zones:
The Conducting zone consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes both outside and within the lungs.
The Respiratory zone consists of tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.
Organs of the Respiratory System
Diagram - Slide 8/9
Specialized organ at the entrance to the respiratory system.
Nose
Openings to the exterior are the:
or nostrils; exterior nares) allow air to enter the nose and pass into the nasal cavity. Individually, each opening is referred to as an anterior naris.
Nose Function?
The nose is adapted for warming, moistening, and filtering air; olfaction; and serving as a resonating chamber.
Funnel-shaped tube that starts at the internal nares and extends partway down the neck.
The PHARNYX (throat)
Pharynx function?
Passageway for air and FOOD is a resonating chamber for speech sounds and houses the tonsils.
Pharynx 3 regions/ Functions?
The nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
The nasopharynx functions in respiration.
The oropharynx and laryngopharynx function both in digestion and in respiration.
Larynx (VOICE BOX) ?
Connects the pharynx and the trachea. It contains the thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple), the epiglottis, the cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages, false vocal cords, and true vocal cords.
Is controlled by the TENSION of the vocal folds.
Pitch
Extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi. It is composed of smooth muscle and C-shaped rings of cartilage
The trachea (WIND PIPE)
Larynx
Slide 15- image
Trachea divides into?
a right main (Primary) bronchus, which goes to the right lung, and a left main (primary) bronchus, which goes to the left lung.
The main bronchi divide to form?
the lobar (Secondary) bronchi, one for each lobe of the lung.
(The right lung has three lobes; the left lung has two.)
The lobar bronchi continue to branch, forming still smaller bronchi, called?
Segmental (Tertiary) bronchi, that divide several times giving rise to smaller bronchioles
Bronchioles, in turn, branch into even smaller tubes called?
Terminal bronchioles
Airways resemble an upside-down tree with many branches, their arrangement known as?
The Bronchial Tree
Are paired organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by a 2 layers known as what layer?
Lungs- The parietal pleura is the outer layer.
Known as the inner layer
Visceral pleura
How many lobes does the right lung have? Separated by how many fissures?
3 lobes ; separated by 2 fissures
How many lobes does the left lung have?
Separated by how many fissures?
2 lobes; separated by one fissure plus a depression, the cardiac notch.
Each lobe consists of? Which contain?
lobules, which contain lymphatic vessels, arterioles, venules, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, an alveoli.
Exchange of gases (O2, and CO2) in the lungs happen in?
the respiratory membrane.
Branching of Airways from the Trachea and Lobes of the Lungs
Image- slide 18
Lobule of the Lung
Image- Slide 19
Alveolus - Type 1/2 alveolar cell
Type 2 Alveolar cell: Surfucant ?
