Cardiovascular System: Heart Part 1 Flashcards
Heart beats how many times a minute? And a day?
75 beats a minute. 100,000 beats a day. Pumps 5L blood per minute.
Heart is situated between?
between the two lungs in the thoracic cavity, with about two-thirds of its mass to the __left_ of the midline.
Heart size?
About the size of a closed fist
The pointed end of the heart, called? Rests on?
The pointed end, the apex, , which and rests on the Diaphragm
Opposite of the apex? Formed by?
Base of the heart. Formed by the atria
Structure and Organization of Heart
Image - Slide 4-9
The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart and holds it in place is the _______
Pericardium
Pericardium has two parts:
the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium.
Outer fibrous pericardium characteristics?
tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue layer.
provides protection, and anchors the heart in place.
Inner serous pericardium characteristics?
thinner, more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart.
The outer ___ layer of the serous pericardium is fused to the fibrous pericardium.
Parietal
Inner Visceral layer
_____ of the serous pericardium, also called the epicardium (epi- = on top of), adheres tightly to the surface of the heart.
The wall of the heart has three layers:
Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
Epicardium (Outer later) : characteristics
is also known as the visceral layer of serous pericardium, is the thin, transparent outer layer of the wall.
Middle layer CALLED?
Myocardium- consists of cardiac muscle tissue (myo- = muscle), which constitutes the bulk of the heart.
Cardiac muscle fibers (cells) are? ____,_____,______
involuntary, striated, branched.
is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the inside the valves of the heart and the tendons attached to the valves
Endocardium (Inner layer)
Pericardium and Heart Diagram
Image- slide 15
Heart has how many chambers?
4
2 upper Chambers are:
Right and Left Atria
2 Lower chambers are:
Right and Left Ventricles
Between the right atrium and left atrium is a thin partition called the: _____ _______
interatrial septum (inter= between)
Valve
Fill in blank empty diagram (slide 18)
Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood through 3 veins that return blood to the heart:
- The superior vena Cava ( (brings blood away from above heart)
- The inferior vena Cava (brings blood away from BELOW heart)
- Coronary sinus drains blood from most of the vessels supplying the wall of the heart
The right atrium then delivers the deoxygenated blood into? ______ ______, Which pumps it into? ____ _____
right ventricle, which pumps it into the pulmonary trunk.
The pulmonary trunk divides into a right and left_____ _______, to the _____ _______
pulmonary artery, to the corresponding lungs.
Arteries are?
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
_____ _______ enters the
left atrium via _ _____ ______
Oxygenated blood enters the
left atrium via four pulmonary veins
Great Vessels of the Heart-image
Diagram - Slide 23-24
To prevent the blood from flowing backward, the heart has how many valves? Made of?
4; composed of dense connective tissue covered by endothelium.
These valves open and close in response to pressure changes as the heart ______ & ______
Contracts and relaxes
____ ______lie between the atria and ventricles.
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
The AV valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is called the ____ _____
tricuspid valve because it consists of three cusps (folds or flaps).
Tendon-like cords, called chordae tendinae connect to ______ ________ , located on?
papillary muscles located on the inner surface of the ventricles.
The AV valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called the ____ _______
Bicuspid valve or (mitral) valve.
For blood to pass from an atrium to a ventricle, an atrioventricular valve must open. T/F?
True
Near the origin of the pulmonary trunk and aorta are semilunar valves called ?
the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve that prevent blood from flowing back into the heart./ ventricle
Lies in the opening where the pulmonary trunk leaves the right ventricle.
pulmonary valve
Is situated at the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta.
aortic valve
Consists of cusps that attach to the artery wall.
Each valve consists of three semilunar (half-moon-shaped) cusps that attach to the artery wall.
the _____ _______ permit blood to flow in one direction only in this case, from the ventricles into the arteries.
Semilunar valves
Valves of heart
Image- Slide 30