Cardiovascular System Part 2: Coronary circulation

Question 1

Blood flows through the heart from areas of

Answer 1

Areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

Question 2

The movement of blood through the heart is controlled by the ?

Answer 2

opening and closing of the valves, and the contraction and relaxation of the myocardium muscle.

Question 3

The flow of blood through the numerous vessels in the myocardium is called?

Answer 3

coronary circulation

Question 4

The principal coronary vessels are the?

Answer 4

left and right coronary arteries

Question 5

the left and right coronary arteries, also known as?

Answer 5

as branches of the ascending aorta.

Question 6

Each artery branches and then branches again to deliver oxygen and nutrients throughout the ?

Answer 6

heart muscle

Question 7

deoxygenated blood, which carries carbon dioxide and wastes, is collected by a large vein on the posterior surface of the heart called? empties into?

Answer 7

coronary sinus; empties into right atrium

Question 8

Blood Flow and Supply Diagram

Answer 8

Image- Slide 36/37 -study flow of images

Question 9

consists of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that makes and sends out action potentials

Answer 9

Conduction system

Question 10

located in the right atrial wall, begins cardiac excitation.
Step__
aka?

Answer 10

1. The sinoatrial (SA) node
   known as; pacemaker of heart

Question 11

located in the interatrial septum; step__,
Function?

Answer 11

2. atrioventricular (AV) node,

action potential slows considerably, providing time for the atria to empty their blood into the ventricles

Question 12

3. atrioventricular (AV) bundle; aka?

Answer 12

3. bundle of HIS; From the AV node, the action potential enters the atrioventricular (AV) bundle in intravascular system

Question 13

3. ONLY site that can conduct from the atria to the ventricles.

Answer 13

AV bundle

Question 14

4. After conducting through the AV bundle, the action potential then enters both the right and left

Answer 14

4. bundle branches that move through the interventricular septum toward the apex of the heart.

Question 15

5. rapidly conduct the action potential,

Answer 15

5. parkinje fibers ; rapidly conduct the action potential

Question 16

Conduction of the heart diagram

Answer 16

study image- slide 42

Question 17

recording of the electrical changes that accompany the heartbeat is called an

Answer 17

electrocardiogram, which is abbreviated as either ECG or EKG

Question 18

3 waves

Answer 18

P, QRS, T wave

Question 19

is a small upward deflection on the ECG; it represents _______ depolarization.

Answer 19

1. P wave; reps: atrial depolarization

Question 20

Causes contraction

Answer 20

2. Depolarization; atria contracts

Question 21

Which complex represents the onset of ventricular depolarization when the ventricles start to contract?

Answer 21

2. QRS complex

Question 22

a dome-shaped upward deflection that indicates ventricular repolarization and occurs just before the ventricles start to relax .
Which complex?

Answer 22

3. The T wave complex

Question 23

Includes all of the events associated with one heartbeat.

Answer 23

Cardiac Cycle

Question 24

What happens in normal cardia cycle?

Answer 24

the two atria contract while the two ventricles __RELAX_______; then, while the two ventricles contract, the two atria __relax_____.

Question 25

Term refers to the phase of contraction:

Answer 25

Systole

Question 26

Diastole =

Answer 26

Relaxation

Question 27

A cardiac cycle consists of systole and diastole of both atria plus systole and diastole of both ventricles.
-T/F?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Cardiac cycle three phases:

Answer 28

1. Relaxation period
2. Atrial systole
3. Ventricular systole

Question 29

begins at the ENDS of a cardiac cycle when the ventricles start to relax and all four chambers are in diastole

Answer 29

1. Relaxation period

Question 30

Atrial systole:

Answer 30

2. Contraction of atria

Question 31

Ventricular systole:

Answer 31

3. Contraction of ventricles

Question 32

Sound of the heartbeat comes primarily from the closure of the valves:

Answer 32

Heart sounds

Question 33

is a long, booming sound from the AV valves closing after ventricular systole begins.

Answer 33

Lubb- known as first sound

Question 34

TWO AV VALVES ARE:

Answer 34

TRICUSPID AND BICUSPID

Question 35

The second sound, a short, sharp sound known as? From?

Answer 35

Dupp: from semilunar valves closing

Question 36

VOLUME of blood ejected per minute from the left ventricle into the AORTA is called?

Answer 36

Cardiac output

Question 37

Cardiac output determined by:

Answer 37

1. Stroke Volume
2. Heart Rate

Question 38

Three factors regulate stroke volume:

Answer 38

1. The degree of stretch:
   Frank- Sterling Law
2. The forcefulness of contraction
3. The pressure required to eject blood ( more-slide 57)

Question 39

Autonomic Regulation of Heart Rate - the “nervous system regulation” of the heart originates in the cardiovascular (CV) center in

Answer 39

Medulla Oblongata

Question 40

Other heart regulators include

Answer 40

the cardiac accelerator nerves, vagus (X) nerves, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors

Question 41

Other Factors in Heart Rate Regulation

Answer 41

age, gender, physical fitness, and body temp

Question 42

Increased body temperature (fever or strenuous exercise) increase OR decrease heart rate?

Answer 42

increase

Question 43

Decreased body temperature decreases OR increases heart rate ?

Answer 43

Decreases