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Blood Vessels > Blood Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Blood Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Five blood vessels

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.

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2
Q

Arteries Function? Walls consist?

A

blood away from the heart to body tissues

endothelium, smooth tissue (middle layer), and outer layer.

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3
Q

Middle layer of arteries structure?_____ & _____

A

Constriction and elastic

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4
Q

What are arterioles? Function?

A

are small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.

Through constriction and dilation, arterioles play a key role in regulate blood flow from arteries into capillaries

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5
Q

Vasoconstriction: decreases or increases blood vessel lumen?

A

decrease in the diameter of the blood vessel lumen

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6
Q

Vasodilation? Increase or Decrease?

A

is an increase

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7
Q

Are microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles to venoules

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

Capillaries Function?

A

Exchange vessels; through permitting exchange of nutrients and wastes b/w the body’s cells and the blood.

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9
Q

Regulate blood flow through capillaries

A

Precapillary Sphincters

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10
Q

“Pushes” fluid out of capilaries INTO ISF= Filteration

A

Capillary blood pressure

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11
Q

What “pulls” fluid into capillaries from ISF?

A

Blood osmotic pressure through ISF = Reabsorption

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12
Q

Ability of a tissue to automatically adjust its blood flow to match its metabolic demands.

A

Autoregulation

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13
Q

Capillary exchange

A

Photo (slide 10)

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14
Q

Small veins, similar in structure to arterioles; their walls are thinner near capillary end and thick as they progress towards heart

A

Venules

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15
Q

Structurally similar to arteries, but their middle and inner layers are thinner

A

Veins

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16
Q

Thickest layer of Veins

A

Outer. The lumen of a vein is larger than an artery’s lumen.

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17
Q

Which layer of the veins folds inwards to form ?

A

In some veins, the inner layer folds inward to form valves that prevent the backflow of blood.

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18
Q

Varicose veins are?

A

Weak, bulging venous valves

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19
Q

Movement of blood from capillaries to venules to veins back to the HEART. Aided by what?

A

Venous return. This is aided by the skeletal muscle pump, and breathing (the respiratory pump).

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20
Q

Skeletal Muscle Pump

A

Slide 13.

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21
Q

________: From regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure; the greater the pressure difference, the greater the blood flow.

A

Blood flows

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22
Q

Generates blood pressure (BP), This pressure is recorded in mm Hg,= Mercury

A

Contraction of the ventricles

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23
Q

_______ ______: depends in part on the total volume of blood in the cardiovascular system (about 5 liters). Cardiac output

A

Blood pressure

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24
Q

______: the opposition to blood flow due to friction between blood and the walls of blood vessels

A

Vascular Resistance

25
Q

Vascular Resistance depends on 3 factors

A

Size of the blood vessel lumen, blood viscosity, and total blood vessel length.

26
Q

Negative feedback systems

A

Control blood pressure and blood flow by adjusting heart rate, stroke volume, vascular resistance, and blood volume.

27
Q

The cardiovascular (CV) centre helps to regulate?

A

Cardiovascular centre in the medulla oblangata helps to regulate heart rate and stroke volume.

also controls the neural and hormonal negative feedback systems that regulate blood pressure and blood flow to specific tissues.

28
Q

CV centre recieves input from 3 main types of sensory receptors?

A

proprioceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors.

29
Q

Monitor movements of joints and muscles, provide input to the CV center during physical activity to cause a rapid increase in heart rate.

A

Proprioceptors

30
Q

Which receptor senses pressure change?

A

baroreceptors(pressure receptors) are located in the aorta, large arteries in neck in the chest. They send impulses to the cardiovascular center to regulate blood pressure.

31
Q

Chemoreceptors are?

A

(chemical receptors) that monitor blood levels of O2, CO2, and H+

32
Q

Cardiovascular Centre Image

A

Slide 19

33
Q

Hormones are?

A

help regulate blood pressure and blood flow by altering cardiac output, changing vascular resistance, or adjusting the total blood volume

34
Q

Kidneys secrete the enzyme renin to increase B.P.

A

Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAA) system –

35
Q

Sympathetic stimulation increases cardiac output.

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

36
Q

Hypothalamus and post. pituitary causes vasoconstriction and increased B.P.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

37
Q

Atria of heart causes vasodilation and lowers B.P.

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

38
Q

Negative Feedback Regulation of Blood Pressure

A

Image- Slide 21

39
Q

2 Major Circulatory Routes carry blood throughout the body

A
  1. the pulmonary circulation
  2. the systemic circulation.
40
Q

Systemic circulation includes?

A
  1. Arteries and arterioles that carry blood containing O2.
  2. Nutrients from the left ventricle to systemic capillaries throughout the body,
  3. The veins and venules that return blood containing CO2 and wastes to the right atrium.
41
Q

Aorta parts?

A

the ascending aorta, the arch of the aorta, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.

42
Q

Deoxygenated blood route?

A

Returns to the heart through the systemic veins. All veins of the systemic circulation empty into the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, or the coronary sinus, which, in turn, empty into the right atrium.

43
Q

Distribute blood to various parts of the body, and veins drain blood away from them.

A

Arteries

-are deep inside tissues.

44
Q

Takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

A

Pulmonary circulation

45
Q

Collects deoxygenated blood from the veins of the gastrointestinal tract and spleen and directs it into the hepatic portal vein of the umbilical cord

A

hepatic portal circulation collect

46
Q

Exists only in the fetus

A

Fetal circulation through the exchange of materials between fetus and mother via the Placenta

47
Q

Hepatic Portal Circulation

A

Image- slide 45

48
Q

Pulse

A

measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute

49
Q

“Normal pulse rate?”

A

75 beats per minute

50
Q

Blood pressure. Measured by?

A

measure of the force that your heart uses to pump blood around your body.

measured by a tool called a Sphygmomanometer.

51
Q

Sytolic blood pressure (SBP)

A

is the force of blood recorded during ventricular contraction

52
Q

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is?

A

is the force of blood recorded during ventricular Relaxation

53
Q

General changes in the cardiovascular system associated with aging ?

A

increased stiffness of the aorta, reduction in cardiac muscle fiber size, loss of cardiac muscular strength, reduced cardiac output, a decline in maximum heart rate and an increase in systolic blood pressure.

54
Q

Is the major cause of heart disease and death in older Americans.

A

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

55
Q

Increases with age.

A

Congestive heart failure (CHF), and atherosclerosis

56
Q

It is the most common disorder affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the major cause of heart failure, kidney disease, and stroke.

A

Hypertension, or persistently high blood pressure

57
Q

What is Shock?

A

Failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough O2 and nutrients to meet metabolic needs.

58
Q

An aneurysm

A

an abnormal swelling or bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, such as an artery.

Blood Vessels (5 decks)

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