Respiratory System Pt. 2- Pulmonary Ventilation

Question 1

Known as the flow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs, occurs due to differences in air pressure.

Answer 1

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 2

We ____or_____ in when the pressure inside the lungs is less than the atmospheric air pressure.

Answer 2

Inhale or breathe

Question 3

We exhale when

Answer 3

the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the atmospheric air pressure.

Question 4

_____ and ____ of skeletal muscles create the air pressure changes that power breathing.

Answer 4

Contraction and relaxation

Question 5

The diaphragm ____ when it receives nerve impulses from the phrenic nerves

Answer 5

Contracts

Question 6

The SCMs, scalenes, and pectoralis minors contribute

Answer 6

forced inhalation

Question 7

Forced exhalation is?

Answer 7

contraction of the internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and rectus abdominis.

Question 8

Is the total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute.

Answer 8

Minute ventilation

Question 9

Lung volumes:

Answer 9

Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. ( graph 25)

Question 10

Are combinations of specific lung volumes .

Answer 10

Lung capacities

Question 11

Spirogram

Answer 11

Image- Slide 25

Question 12

Muscle Inhalation and Exhalation

Answer 12

Diagram- slide 26/27

Question 13

Air is a mixture of what gases?

Contribute to?

Answer 13

nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and others
contributes to the total air pressure.

Question 14

The pressure of a specific gas in a mixture is called its

Answer 14

partial pressure (P). (Nitrogen = 78%)

Question 15

O2 and CO2 move from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure.

Answer 15

External and internal respiration

Question 16

_____ _______Is the exchange of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary blood capillaries

Answer 16

External respiration (pulmonary gas exchange)

Question 17

_____ ______ is the exchange of gases between capillaries and tissue cells.

Answer 17

Internal respiration (systemic gas exchange)

Question 18

Changes in Partial Pressures of O2 and CO2

Answer 18

Slide - Image 31

Question 19

The blood ____ _____

Answer 19

transports gases between the lungs and body tissues

Question 20

% blood O2 is bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells

Answer 20

98 percent

Question 21

The association of O2 and hemoglobin is affected by:

Answer 21

PO2, pH, temperature, and PCO2.

Question 22

Carbon dioxide is transported in 3 ways: __ % dissolved in plasma

Answer 22

7% dissolved in plasma

Question 23

__% combines with the globin protein of hemoglobin,

Answer 23

23%

Question 24

__%is converted to bicarbonate

Answer 24

70 % ions converted to HCO-–).

Question 25

The respiratory center, can be divided into two principal areas:

Answer 25

1. The medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblangata 2. The pontine respiratory group in the pons.

Question 26

Respirations may be modified by several factors:

Answer 26

cortical (brain) influences; chemoreceptors; limbic system stimulation; proprioceptor stimulation; temperature; pain; irritation of airways; the inflation reflex (stretch receptors).

Question 26

Locations of Areas of the Respiratory Centre

Answer 26

Diagram - slide 39

Question 26

Roles of the Medullary Respiratory Centre

Answer 26

Slide- 40-42

Question 27

the ____ _____ventilation at the start of exercise. Due to?

Answer 27

increase ventilation : is due to neural changes that send excitatory impulses to the inspiratory area in the medulla oblongata

Question 28

With ___ _____ the airways and tissues of the respiratory tract, including the alveoli, become ___ ____

Answer 28

advanced aging: less elastic and more rigid. The result is a decrease in lung capacity.

Question 29

Elderly people are more susceptible to:

Answer 29

Pneumonia, emphysema, bronchitis, and other pulmonary disorders.