The Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the definition of ventilation?
Getting air into and out of the lungs.
What is the definition of external respiration?
Gaseous exchange between the lungs and blood.
What is the definition of internal respiration?
Gaseous exchange between the blood in the capillaries and the body cells.
What is the definition of cellular respiration?
The metabolic reactions and processes that take place in a cell to obtain energy from fuel sources such as glucose.
What is the passage of air?
Nose/mouth, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
What is the definition of diffusion?
The movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is gaseous exchange?
The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air.
How are alveoli adapted for gaseous exchange?
One cell thin walls for a short diffusion pathway.
Alveoli are surrounded by a capillary network so they have a very good blood supply.
Alveoli have a huge surface area.
What happens during inspiration?
The ribcage moves upwards and outwards and the diaphragm contracts and is pulled flat. This is to ensure that there is low pressure inside the lungs so air rushes in from the atmosphere.
What happens during expiration?
The ribcage falls and diaphragm relaxes and rises. This is because the pressure in the lungs has to be high in order for air to be forced out of the lungs.
What is the definition of tidal volume?
The volume of air inspired or expired per breath.
What is the definition of inspiratory reserve volume?
The volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath.
What is the definition of expiratory reserve volume?
The volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath.
What is the definition of residual volume?
The volume of air that remains in the lung after maximal expiration.
What is the definition of minute ventilation?
The volume of air breathed in and out per minute.
