The respiratory system Flashcards
What is the upper repiratory tract important in?
Producing sound, humidifying and warming air, defence (mucus and cilia) and sensory functions.
What is the lower respiratory tract involved in?
Gas exchange, defence functions and metabolic functions.
What is the upper respiratory tract made up of?
The nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx.
What is the lower respiratory tract made up of?
The trachea, primary bronchi and lungs.
What is the larynx?
A cartilage structure that is used to generate different sounds and tones.
What is the pharynx?
It has respiratory and digestive functions - involved in swallowing but also allows the movement of air from the mouth and nose to the larynx.
What is the structure of the trachea?
It is made up of rings of cartilage interspersed with connective tissue and smooth muscle.
What is the parenchyma?
The functional unit of the lung where gas exchange takes place.
What is the conducting zone?
The tubes/airways outside of the lung (extrapulmonary)
What are the lung branches called?
Bronchioles. These are small bronchi.
What is the equation for airway resistance?
1/conduction.
What is airway resistance proportional to?
1/radius^4.
What are the largest contributors to the airway resistance?
The conducting zone bronchioles.
In what diseases is the airway resistance increased?
Asthma.
What happens in asthma?
There is narrowing of the airway that results in a thickened airway wall. There is also increased mucus, contributing to the narrowed airway.
What type of epithelium does the bronchi have?
Ciliated, goblet and glandular.
What type of epithelium do the bronchioles have?
Ciliated, non-ciliated, goblet and club cells.
What type of epithelium does the alveoli have?
Squamous and cuboidal.