The nervous system 2 Flashcards
What motor is involved in the somatic system?
The somatic motor.
What motor is involved in the autonomic system?
The visceral motor.
What are the four different divisions of the spinal nerves?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral.
What are the different touch and visceral inputs into the CNS?
Mechanoceptors, proprioceptors, nociceptors, thermoceptors and chemoceptors.
What are nociceptors?
Receptor for painful stimuli.
What are proprioceptors?
Receptor that receives stimuli from the internal body, such as position and movement.
What are the three different types of neuron?
Unipolar, bipolar and multipolar - varies on how many extensions exist from the cell body.
What is the common integrative centre in reflex arcs?
The spinal cord.
What is the fastest and largest sensory neurone?
Those of priproceptors of skeletal muscle.
What are dorsal roots?
Spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cords.
What are glial cells?
Cells that produce myelination of neurones in the central nervous system - they are the same as Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
What are the functions of glial cells?
Support, insulation, buffering and scavenging, guide developing neurones, immune response and blood-brain barrier.
What is cerebrospinal fluid produced by?
Choroid plexus.
What is the total volume of CSF?
120ml.
What is CSF composed of?
Aqueous solution of NaCl and glucose, with low concentrations of K+ and Ca2+.
What is the function of CSF?
Buoyancy and cushioning, compensation of changes in brain volume, drug delivery, hydrocephalus.
What is hydrocephalus?
A condition in which fluid accumulates in the brain - can sometimes cause brain damage.
What tissue is under control of the autonomic nervous system?
Smooth muscle, glandular tissue and cardiac muscle.
What is significant about the preganglionic neurone in the sympathetic system?
It is short.
What is significant about the preganglionic neurone in the parasympathetic system?
It is long.
What neurotransmitter is released at the effector in the sympathetic system?
Noradrenaline/adrenaline that acts on the heart, blood vessels etc.
What neurotransmitter is released at the effector in the parasympathetic system?
Ach - Muscarinic that acts on the heart, smooth muscles and sweat glands.
Are adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors G protein coupled or ligand-gated ion channels in the autonomic nervous system?
G protein coupled.
What do Gs coupled receptors do?
Activate adenylate cyclase - cAMP production
What do Gi/Go coupled receptors do?
Inhibit adenylate cyclase.
What do Gq coupled receptors do?
Activate phopholipase C - production of IP3.
What are the two subtypes of adrenoceptor in the sympathetic system?
Alpha and beta.
What is the main agonist of the alpha adrenergic receptor?
Noradrenaline.
What is the main agonist of the beta adrenergic receptor?
Adrenaline.
What are the subtypes of the alpha adrenergic receptor?
Alpha 1 and 2.
What are the subtypes of the beta adrenergic receptor?
Beta 1 2 and 3.
What are the subtypes of the muscarinic receptors - parasympathetic?
M1 M2 and M3.
What are the differences between the subtypes of the muscarinic receptors?
M1 - neural, M2 - cardiac and M3 - glandular. CNS, heart and smooth muscle.
