The Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the general functions of the respiratory system? (8)
- Gas exchange
- Speech and Vocalization
- Olfaction (sense of smell)
- pH balance
- Hormone synthesis
- Pressure for flow of lymph and venous blood
- Lungs filter blood clots and small air bubbles
- Valsalva for urination, defecation and birth
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are ________ soluble.
lipid
When you hold your breath you become more _______. (acidic or basic?)
acidic
more CO2 in system
When you are hyperventilating you are becoming more ________. (acidic or basic?)
Basic
not enough CO2 in the system
What is the philtrum?
The groove beneath the nose (upper lip)
What is the conducting division?
Passages that serve only for airflow (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium)
What are the nasal conchae?
Sinuses
high surface area
What are the nasal conchae made of? (tissue)
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Where are the nasal conchae found?
The chamber above the nose
What cells make mucus?
Globlet cells
What is the purpose of the nasal conchae?
They warm and humidify the air
slow down air flow
filter the air
What type of cells is the pharynx made of?
Cuboidal or squamous (similar to the mouth)
What is a laymen term for the larynx?
“The voice box”
The epiglottis’s movement is influenced by what muscle?
The tongue
The vocal chords thicken by influence of what hormone?
Testosterone
What is the trachea lined with? (rings around the throat)
Hyaline cartilage
horseshoe
The bronchial tree is very thin in order to have gas exchange. What type of tissue is it made of?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
There are lymphocyte nodules on the bronchial tree. What are they called?
Bronchial Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT)
The further down the bronchial tree you go, the type of tissue begins to change from ______ to _______.
Columnar to cuboidal
No mucus
Less hyaline cartilage
Breathing is a somatic output. What does that mean?
Influence of skeletal muscle rather than reflex or autonomic
Alveoli are only one cell layer thick and is surrounded by capillaries in order for gas exchange. What is type I made out of? (tissue)
simple squamous epithelium
Alveoli have an incredibly high surface area. True or false?
True
What is a type II alveoli cell called?
“The Great Alveolar Cell”
secretes surfactant
What is surfactant?
Soap like substance that coats the inside of alveoli and gives ability to have different sized alveoli.
Thinner layer in larger alveoli
Protects from pressure differences and eventual collapsing
What is the purpose of an alveolar macrophage?
Protects from invaders. crawls the inside of lung
Why is gas exchange a relatively easy process?
- Gasses are lipid soluble
- exchange surface area is large
- diffusion difference is short
- pressure gradients are enormous
- perfusion/ ventilation are matched (blood flow and breathing)
What is Boyle’s Law?
Pressure = 1/Volume
Parietal and visceral pluera line the lungs with ______ fluid in between to reduce sticking and friction.
Serous
Breathing is only a reflex when:
We are not thinking about it
When the diaphram contracts the space between the parietal and visceral pluera _______, in order for a decrease in pressure in the lungs due to expansion.
Increases
Why is there always space between the parietal and visceral pluera?
So the membranes will not stick.
“getting the wind knocked out of you” is where they are sticking
Why is it bad for the parietal and the visceral pluera to stick?
The pressure inside the lung increases due to the constricted space. Membranes need to separate in order for normal breathing rate to return
