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Anatomy BIO 202 > Blood (Chapter 18) > Flashcards

Blood (Chapter 18) Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood is what kind of tissue?

A

Connective

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2
Q

A matrix is composed of what?

A

Ground substance and proteins

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3
Q

What is ground substance made of?

A

Plasma

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4
Q

What are some functions of blood?

A
  1. Distribution of O2, glucose, amino acids, hormones, cholesterol, water and fatty acids
  2. Thermoregulation, pH regulation and water volume
  3. Protection
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5
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

The stopping of blood flow

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6
Q

Blood plasma is composed of 5 things:

A
  1. Proteins
  2. nutrients
  3. blood gasses
  4. electrolytes
  5. wastes
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7
Q

There are 4 proteins within blood plasma:

A
  1. Albumen: most abundant. contributes to viscosity and osmolarity
  2. Globulins: Antibodies. provides immune system fuctions
  3. Fibrinogen: helps form blood clots due to thread like structure and insolubility
  4. <1% hormones and enzymes
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8
Q

What is a hemocytoblast?

A

A stem cell found in bone marrow. It will develop into an erythrocyte (red blood cell)

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9
Q

What are some properties of erythrocytes? (red blood cells)

A 
They have no organelles 
They have no nucleus
They have no mitochondria 
They have no DNA
They cannot reproduce/repair 
Produces ATP through glycolysis
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10
Q

What are some common wastes found in blood?

A

Urea, ammonia, creatinine

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11
Q

What is the function of an erythrocyte?

A

To bind and release oxygen and carbon dioxide

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12
Q

What is hemopoiesis?

A

The development of all blood cells (white, red and platelets)

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13
Q

What is hypoxemia?

A
  • Inadequate O2 transport in the blood

- Also known as hypoxia

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14
Q

What is the result of hypoxemia? (trigger and response)

A

Triggers liver, kidney and spleen

Responds by releasing EPO (erythropoietin). This hormone causes hemocytoblasts to mature into an erythrocyte

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15
Q

Approximately how long does it take for a RBC (red blood cell) to wear out?

A

~120 days

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16
Q

What happens when a RBC wears out?

A
  • Become inflexible and has potential to get stuck in capillaries
  • Will eventually become phagocytized
17
Q

There are 5 different types of WBC (white blood cells). What are they?

A
  1. Neutrophil
  2. Eosinophil
  3. Basophil
  4. Monocyte
  5. Lymphocyte
18
Q

What is another name for a leukocyte?

A

White blood cell

19
Q

There are 2 types of leukocytes. What are they?

A
  1. Granular

2. Agranular

20
Q

Which white blood cells fall under the “granular leukocyte” category?

A
  • neutrophil
  • basophil
  • eosinophil
21
Q

Which white blood cells fall under the “agranular leukocyte” category?

A
  • monocyte

- lymphocyte

22
Q

What are some characteristics of neutrophils?

A
  • many nuclei
  • most common circulating WBC
  • 1st to arrive when injured
  • travels by using lysosomes (endo/exocytosis)
  • Similar to phagocytes (“eat” bacteria)
23
Q

What are some characteristics of eosinophils?

A
  • responds to parasitic invasions
  • travel by using lysosomes
  • 2nd least common
24
Q

What are some characteristics of basophils?

A

-secretes heparin and histamine (similar to a mast cell)
- trigger is inflammation
(heparin=blood thinner) (histamine=vasodialator)
-least common

25
Q

What are some characteristics of monocytes?

A
  • once out of circulation, they become macrophages in the dermis
  • the largest leukocyte
  • attacks viral and bacterial invasions
26
Q

What are some characteristics of lymphocytes?

A
  • 2 types: T and B lymphocytes

- specified immunity

27
Q

Define chemotaxis

A

Movement of cells along a chemical gradient

28
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

The passage of leukocytes through the intact walls of capillaries. (typically accompanies inflammation)

29
Q

Can WBCs go back into circulation once they are out?

A

No, they are destroyed by macrophages

30
Q

What are cytokines?

A

They activate leukocytes by leaving a chemical trail so they can follow to the injury

31
Q

Define hemophelia?

A

Cannot stop blood flow, depending on the severity of the disease

32
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

A stationary clot

33
Q

What is a moving clot called?

A

An embolism

34
Q

What are the 3 steps a vessel injury goes through?

A

Step 1: Vascular spasm (smooth muscle will contract and narrow to attempt to close the wound
Step 2: Platelet plug formation
Step 3: Blood clotting

35
Q

Blood types are named by the _______ _______ on a erythrocyte.

A

Surface Protein (antigens)

36
Q

What are antibodies?

A

They protect the body from foreign antigens. Located in the plasma

Anatomy BIO 202 (12 decks)

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