The Heart (Chapter 19)

Question 1

There are 4 compartments that makes up the heart. What are they called?

Answer 1

1. Right atria
2. Left atria
3. Right ventricle
4. Left ventricle

Question 2

What is an artery’s job?

Answer 2

Takes blood away from the heart

Question 3

What is it called when you have blood traveling from the heart to the lungs?

Answer 3

Pulmonary circulation

Question 4

What is Systemic circulation?

Answer 4

Where there is blood traveling from the heart to the body (excluding the lungs)

Question 5

Which side of the heart gives blood to the lungs? (Pulmonary)

Answer 5

The right side

Question 6

Which side of the heart gives blood to the body? (Systemic)

Answer 6

The left side

Question 7

The heart can secrete its own hormones, which means it is a ________.

Answer 7

Gland

Question 8

What is the outer layer of the lungs called?

Answer 8

Parietal pleura

Question 9

What is the outer layer of the heart called?

Answer 9

Parietal pericardium

fibrous layer and a serous layer

Question 10

What is the inner layer of the heart called?

Answer 10

Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

Question 11

What is the purpose of serous fluid?

Answer 11

Acts as a lubricant so there is no friction

Question 12

What anchors the heart?

Answer 12

The parietal pericardium

Question 13

What is the endocardium?

Answer 13

Smooth lining of the heart

Question 14

Which side of the heart has a thicker layer?

Answer 14

The left side due to the fact that the left side pumps blood to the entire body, whereas the right side only has to pump blood to the lungs

Question 15

What is the muscle that keeps valves closed during contraction?

Answer 15

Papillary valves

Question 16

What is a cell called inside a cardiac muscle?

Answer 16

cardiocyte

Question 17

What are some properties of cardiocytes and cardiac muscle?

Answer 17

1. one central nucleus
2. striations
3. surrounded by large amount of glycogen ‘

Question 18

Cardiac muscle is rich in ___________ because they can perform glycolosis.

Answer 18

mitochondria

Question 19

The heart can use _________ for energy

Answer 19

Anything (amino acids, lactic acid, glucose, fatty acid, etc)

Question 20

The heart has type 1a muscle, which is what?

Answer 20

Slow myosin ATPase

Question 21

The heart has SA and AV nodes because it is not hooked up to what system?

Answer 21

The nervous system

Question 22

The heart has slow or fast sodium inflow?

Answer 22

Slow

Question 23

What are the 3 ions involved with the heart?

Answer 23

Sodium, calcium and potassium

Question 24

Which ion causes the plateau phase in the heart?

Answer 24

Calcium

Question 25

Define cardiac cycle.

Answer 25

A single heart beat

Question 26

Define systole

Answer 26

contraction

Question 27

Define diastole

Answer 27

relaxation

Question 28

What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Answer 28

systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure divided by 2. (sys + dia / 2)

Question 29

What is the equation for pulse pressure?

Answer 29

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure (sys - dia)

Question 30

What is the equation for Ohm's Law?

Answer 30

I=V/R

Question 31

What is the equation for Cardiac Output?

Answer 31

Stroke volume multiplied by Heart rate | SV x HR

Question 32

What is the equation for stroke volume?

Answer 32

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

Question 33

What does the P wave mean?

Answer 33

The SA (sinoatrial node) fires and depolarizes the atria

Question 34

What does the QRS complex mean?

Answer 34

ventricular depolarization

Question 35

What does the T wave mean?

Answer 35

ventricular diastole (relaxation)

Question 36

What is Frank-Starling's Law of the Heart?

Answer 36

more blood in = more blood out

Question 37

Define pre-load

Answer 37

Amount of blood coming in to the heart (right atria)

Question 38

Define after-load

Answer 38

back pressure

Question 39

Why is the SA node self depolarizing?

Answer 39

Because of the leak channels

Question 40

There are 3 nuclei in the brain (medulla) that is linked to the heart. What are they called?

Answer 40

1. cardioacceleratory 2. cardioinhibitory 3. vasomotor

Question 41

There are 2 ways to produce more force from a muscle fiber

Answer 41

1. adjust overlap of myosin and actin | 2. Myocyte sensitivity to Ca++