The Heart (Chapter 19) Flashcards
There are 4 compartments that makes up the heart. What are they called?
- Right atria
- Left atria
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle
What is an artery’s job?
Takes blood away from the heart
What is it called when you have blood traveling from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary circulation
What is Systemic circulation?
Where there is blood traveling from the heart to the body (excluding the lungs)
Which side of the heart gives blood to the lungs? (Pulmonary)
The right side
Which side of the heart gives blood to the body? (Systemic)
The left side
The heart can secrete its own hormones, which means it is a ________.
Gland
What is the outer layer of the lungs called?
Parietal pleura
What is the outer layer of the heart called?
Parietal pericardium
fibrous layer and a serous layer
What is the inner layer of the heart called?
Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
What is the purpose of serous fluid?
Acts as a lubricant so there is no friction
What anchors the heart?
The parietal pericardium
What is the endocardium?
Smooth lining of the heart
Which side of the heart has a thicker layer?
The left side due to the fact that the left side pumps blood to the entire body, whereas the right side only has to pump blood to the lungs
What is the muscle that keeps valves closed during contraction?
Papillary valves
What is a cell called inside a cardiac muscle?
cardiocyte
What are some properties of cardiocytes and cardiac muscle?
- one central nucleus
- striations
- surrounded by large amount of glycogen ‘
Cardiac muscle is rich in ___________ because they can perform glycolosis.
mitochondria
The heart can use _________ for energy
Anything (amino acids, lactic acid, glucose, fatty acid, etc)
The heart has type 1a muscle, which is what?
Slow myosin ATPase
The heart has SA and AV nodes because it is not hooked up to what system?
The nervous system
The heart has slow or fast sodium inflow?
Slow
What are the 3 ions involved with the heart?
Sodium, calcium and potassium
Which ion causes the plateau phase in the heart?
Calcium
Define cardiac cycle.
A single heart beat
Define systole
contraction
Define diastole
relaxation
What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure divided by 2. (sys + dia / 2)
What is the equation for pulse pressure?
systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure (sys - dia)
What is the equation for Ohm’s Law?
I=V/R
What is the equation for Cardiac Output?
Stroke volume multiplied by Heart rate
SV x HR
What is the equation for stroke volume?
end diastolic volume - end systolic volume
What does the P wave mean?
The SA (sinoatrial node) fires and depolarizes the atria
What does the QRS complex mean?
ventricular depolarization
What does the T wave mean?
ventricular diastole (relaxation)
What is Frank-Starling’s Law of the Heart?
more blood in = more blood out
Define pre-load
Amount of blood coming in to the heart (right atria)
Define after-load
back pressure
Why is the SA node self depolarizing?
Because of the leak channels
There are 3 nuclei in the brain (medulla) that is linked to the heart. What are they called?
- cardioacceleratory
- cardioinhibitory
- vasomotor
There are 2 ways to produce more force from a muscle fiber
- adjust overlap of myosin and actin
2. Myocyte sensitivity to Ca++
