Review BIO 201

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

The sum total of all chemical reactions, both catabolic and anabolic.

Question 2

ATP can be produced 2 ways:

Answer 2

1. aerobic (Krebs Cycle)

2. Anaerobic (glycolosis)

Question 3

Cellular energy is __________ energy.

Answer 3

Potential

Due to the chemical bonds

Question 4

When energy is released, it is referred to as _______ energy

Answer 4

kinetic

Question 5

Cytoplasm is:

Answer 5

Everything in a cell, including its organelles

Question 6

Cytosol is:

Answer 6

The liquid inside a cell

Question 7

Oxygen moves by _______ ________ and is considered hydro______.

Answer 7

1. simple diffusion

2. hydophobic

Question 8

Glucose moves by __________ _________ and is considered hydro______.

Answer 8

1. facilitated diffusion

2. hydrophilic

Question 9

There are 4 main substrates:

Answer 9

1. carbs
2. proteins
3. lipids
4. nucleic acids

Question 10

Glucose is the primary energy molecule. True or false?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

There are 3 sub-levels of lipids. What are they?

Answer 11

1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids (membranes)
3. Cholesterol (steroids)

Question 12

What is glycolysis?

Answer 12

The break down of glucose into pyruvate (creating energy/catabolic)

Question 13

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 13

Converting glucose into glycogen (storing energy/anabolic)

Question 14

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 14

Converting glycogen into glucose (creating energy/catabolic)

Question 15

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 15

Creating glucose from a non-carbohydrate source i.e. amino acids and neutral fats. (creating energy/anabolic)

Question 16

What is the main difference between proteins and steroids?

Answer 16

Protein: hydrophilic (water loving)
Steroid: hydrophobic (water hating)

Question 17

How does protein travel across a membrane?

Answer 17

They are hydrophilic so they need a 2nd messenger protein (G protein) to open a gate for them to pass.

Question 18

How do steroids travel across a membrane?

Answer 18

They are hydrophobic so they can pass directly through the membrane. However, they are accompanied by chaparonin.