Review BIO 201 Flashcards
Define metabolism
The sum total of all chemical reactions, both catabolic and anabolic.
ATP can be produced 2 ways:
- aerobic (Krebs Cycle)
2. Anaerobic (glycolosis)
Cellular energy is __________ energy.
Potential
Due to the chemical bonds
When energy is released, it is referred to as _______ energy
kinetic
Cytoplasm is:
Everything in a cell, including its organelles
Cytosol is:
The liquid inside a cell
Oxygen moves by _______ ________ and is considered hydro______.
- simple diffusion
2. hydophobic
Glucose moves by __________ _________ and is considered hydro______.
- facilitated diffusion
2. hydrophilic
There are 4 main substrates:
- carbs
- proteins
- lipids
- nucleic acids
Glucose is the primary energy molecule. True or false?
True
There are 3 sub-levels of lipids. What are they?
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids (membranes)
- Cholesterol (steroids)
What is glycolysis?
The break down of glucose into pyruvate (creating energy/catabolic)
What is glycogenesis?
Converting glucose into glycogen (storing energy/anabolic)
What is glycogenolysis?
Converting glycogen into glucose (creating energy/catabolic)
What is gluconeogenesis?
Creating glucose from a non-carbohydrate source i.e. amino acids and neutral fats. (creating energy/anabolic)
What is the main difference between proteins and steroids?
Protein: hydrophilic (water loving)
Steroid: hydrophobic (water hating)
How does protein travel across a membrane?
They are hydrophilic so they need a 2nd messenger protein (G protein) to open a gate for them to pass.
How do steroids travel across a membrane?
They are hydrophobic so they can pass directly through the membrane. However, they are accompanied by chaparonin.
