Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy & Physiology > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

the major function of the respiratory system is to supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide;

at least four processes, collectively called ___, must happen

A

respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the actual use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by tissue cells is known as ___ ___

A

cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

process of respiration

A

pulmonary ventilation

consists of inspiration and expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

process of respiration

A

external respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

process of respiration

A

transport of respiratory gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

process of respiration

A

internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
commonly called the throat
A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
commonly called the voice box
A

larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
also known as the windpipe
A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
plays a key role in protecting the body from infection
A

pharyngeal tonsil
(fr·in·jee·uhl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
acts as a barrier to keep harmful substances from entering the middle ear
A

tubal tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
equalizes the pressure in the middle ear and allows air to pass in and out
A

opening of pharyngotympanic tube
(fă-ring-oh-tim-pan-ik)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
plays a key role in protecting the body from infection
A

palatine tonsil
(pa·luh·tine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
helps with swallowing
A

isthmus of fauces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
is a crucial connection point through which food, water, and air pass
A

laryngopharynx
(lr·ing·gow·feh·ringks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the pharynx is divided into three regions:
___, ___, & ___

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

infected and swollen ___ ___ block air passage in the nasopharynx, making it necessary to breathe through the mouth

A

pharyngeal tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

A

alveoli
(al·vee·uh·lai)

22
Q

___ ___ ___ ___ are primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs

A

type 1 alveolar cells

(form the major part of the alveolar walls)

23
Q

___ ___ ___ ___ maintain the stability of the alveoli by producing surfactant

A

type 2 alveolar cells

(are scattered among the type 1 cells)

24
Q

a ___ is a chemical compound that reduces the surface tension between two substances; this substance keeps the alveoli from collapsing after exhalation and makes breathing easy

A

surfactant

25
Q
A

surfactant

26
Q

the framework of the ___ is an intricate arrangement of nine cartilages:
* thyroid cartilage (unpaired)
* cricoid cartilage (unpaired)
* epiglottis (unpaired)
* arytenoid cartilage (paired)
* corniculate cartilage (paired)
* cuneiform cartilage (paired)

A

larynx

27
Q

(adam’s apple)

larynx
A

laryngeal prominence
(lr·in·jee·uhl)

28
Q
larynx
A

cricoid cartilage

29
Q
larynx
A

thyroid cartilage

30
Q

the ___ ___ consists of right and left main bronchi, which subdivide within the lungs

A

bronchial tree

31
Q

this lubricating secretion allows the lungs to glide easily over the thorax wall during our breathing movements

A

pleural fluid

32
Q
A

esophagus

33
Q

the ___ ___ transport deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation

A

pulmonary arteries

34
Q

the ___ ___ carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart’s left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

35
Q

the ___ ___ is the pressure in the alveoli;
this type of pressure rises and falls with the phases of breathing, but it always equalizes with the atmospheric pressure eventually

A

intrapulmonary pressure

36
Q

fluctuates with breathing phases, but is always about 4 mm Hg less than intrapulmonary pressure

(pressure within the lungs, measured in millimeters of mercury –> mmHg)

A

intrapleural pressure

37
Q

keeps the air spaces of the lungs OPEN

(keeps the lungs from collapsing)

A

transpulmonary pressure

38
Q

inspiratory muscles CONTRACT:

the diaphragm contracts –> it moves downward and flattens out

as a result, the ___ ___ ___ ___

A

thoracic cavity volume increases

39
Q

inspiratory muscles RELAX:

the diaphragm relaxes –> it moves upward

as a result, the ___ ___ ___ ___

A

thoracic cavity volume decreases

40
Q

the volume of air inhaled AND exhaled during a respiratory cycle

A

tidal volume (TV)

41
Q

the extra air that can be taken into the lungs AFTER a normal tidal volume

A

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

42
Q

the amount of air that can be FORCEFULLY exhaled after a normal breath

A

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

43
Q

the amount of air REMAINING in the lungs after a person has exhaled as much as possible

A

residual volume (RV)

44
Q

___ is carried in blood in two ways:
1) bound to hemoglobin within red blood cells
2) dissolved in plasma

A

oxygen

45
Q

___ ___ is carried in blood from tissue cells to the lungs in three ways:
1) dissolved in plasma
2) chemically bound to hemoglobin
3) as bicarbonate ions in plasma

A

carbon dioxide

46
Q

inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues is called ___

A

hypoxia

47
Q

increased ventilation in response to metabolic needs (exercise) is called ___

A

hyperpnea
(hai·prp·nee·uh)

48
Q

hyperpnea is breathing more deeply but not necessarily faster;
____ is breathing very fast and deeply, and exhaling more air than you take in

A

hyperventilation

49
Q

fluid accumulates in the alveoli; the eighth most common cause of death in the United States

A

pneumonia

50
Q

intubation is a process where a healthcare provider inserts a tube through a person’s mouth or nose, then down into their ___

A

trachea

Human Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions