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Human Anatomy & Physiology > The Integumentary System > Flashcards

The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q
A

skin structure

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2
Q

separations or less dense regions between bundles of collagen fibers
IN RETICULAR DERMIS

A

cleavage lines

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3
Q

the dermis is tightly secured to deeper structures (palms of your hands, wrists, fingers, soles, toes)
IN PAPILLARY DERMIS

A

flexure lines

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4
Q
A

basal cell carcinoma

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5
Q

a common type of skin cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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6
Q
A

melanoma

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7
Q

damage only the epidermis

A

first-degree burn

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8
Q

damage the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis

A

second-degree burn

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9
Q

damage the entire epidermis and dermis

A

third-degree burn

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10
Q

the ___ is the OUTERMOST protective shield of the body (composed of epithelial cells)

A

epidermis

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11
Q

the __ makes up the bulk of the skin, elasticity, collagen + elastic fibers (composed mostly of dense connective tissue)

A

dermis

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12
Q

the ___ ___ anchors the skin to the underlying structures (not part of the skin)

A

subcutaneous tissue

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13
Q

a type of protein found on epithelial cells, which line the inside and outside surfaces of the body

A

keratin

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14
Q

___ are the most common type of cell in the skin

A

keratinocytes

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15
Q

the ___ is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

epidermis

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16
Q

the most superficial layers of the epidermis are increasingly ___ & less viable

A

keratinized

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17
Q
A

layers of the epidermis

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18
Q

___ are cells that produce melanin

A

melanocytes

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19
Q

the skin is a barrier

___ ___ engulf any foreign invaders that have penetrated the epidermis (act as part of the immune system)

A

dendritic cells

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20
Q

___ ___ ___ detect light, touch and superficial pressure in the skin

A

tactile epithelial cells

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21
Q
A

layers of the dermis

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22
Q

the ___ ___ is made up of loose connective tissue

A

papillary dermis

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23
Q

the ___ ___ is made up of dense connective tissue

A

reticular dermis

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24
Q

the ___ ___ ___ lies between the reticular dermis and the subcutaneous layer; is the network of blood vessels that nourishes the reticular dermis

A

dermal vascular plexus

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25
Q

___ ___ project from the papillary dermis surface & play a key role in hair growth, shape, color, and regeneration

A

dermal papillae

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26
Q

layer of the epidermis
- 1st layer
- consists of corneocytes that protect you from harm (abrasions, light, heat, pathogens)

A

stratum corneum

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27
Q

layer of the epidermis
- 2nd layer
- found only in thick skin areas
- visible through a light microscope
- reduces friction between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum

A

stratum lucidum

28
Q

layer of the epidermis
- 3rd layer
- primary function is to produce keratohyalin granules
- keratinization begins

A

stratum granulosum

29
Q

layer of the epidermis
- 4th layer
- provide strength & flexibility to the skin by connecting keratinocytes tightly together

A

stratum spinosum

30
Q

layer of the epidermis
- 5th layer
- the primary site for skin cell regeneration
- the newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers

A

stratum basale

31
Q

___ ___ & ___ determine skin color

A

melanin, carotene, & hemoglobin

32
Q

hair has three concentric layers of keratinized cells; the ___ ___ & ___

A

medulla, cortex, & cuticle

33
Q

___ hair = “peach fuzz”

A

vellus

34
Q

___ hair = thick, coarse, and pigmented hair

A

terminal

35
Q

the skin is a barrier

the low pH of skin secretions, ___ ___ ___, retards bacteria’s multiplication

A

the acid mantle

36
Q

the skin is a barrier

___ in sweat and bacterial substances in sebum kill many bacteria outright

A

dermcidin

37
Q

the skin is a barrier

skin cells secrete ___ that literally punch holes in bacteria, making them leak

A

defensins

38
Q

the skin is a barrier

wounded skin releases ___ that prevent infection by group A streptococcus (strep·tuh·kaa·kuhs) bacteria

A

cathelicidins
(cathe·li·cidin)

39
Q

the skin is a barrier

the ___ of the dermis dispose of viruses and bacteria that manage to penetrate the epidermis

A

macrophages

40
Q

an arrector pili muscle can cause a hair to what?

A

stand up straight

41
Q

bluish or purple discoloration to the skin due to decrease O2 carried by the blood

A

cyanosis

42
Q

skin redness from exercise, blushing, injury, infection, inflammation

A

erythema

43
Q

white patches within normal skin colored areas from loss or reduction in melanocytes

A

vitiligo
(vi·tuh·lai·gow)

43
Q

brownish spots/patches within areas of normal skin

A

cafe au lait

44
Q

produces an increase in skin pigmentation due to an increase in melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) & adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) production by the anterior pituitary gland

A

addison’s disease

45
Q

autoimmune disease that occurs when the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue

A

lupus

46
Q

drug relating to, or causing, birth defects

A

teratogenic

47
Q
A

rule of nine

48
Q

also known as a bedsore

A

decubitus ulcer

49
Q

oil gland;
secretes sebum;
none in palms and soles

A

sebaceous gland

50
Q

sweat gland;
consists of apocrine & eccrine gland

A

sudoriferous gland
(su·​do·​rif·​er·​ous)

51
Q

ear wax gland of external auditory canal/meatus;
open onto surface or into sebaceous gland

A

ceruminous gland

52
Q

opens INTO hair follicle;
armpits, groin, and breast areola

A

apocrine gland

53
Q

open INTO the skin surface of entire body;
greatest number on the palms/soles

A

eccrine gland

54
Q

__ are tightly packed keratinized epidermal cells

A

nails

55
Q

part of nail - whitish, semilunar area near nail root

A

lunula

56
Q

part of nail - the cuticle

A

eponychium

57
Q

the area at the base of the nail that produces new nail cells

A

the nail matrix

58
Q

langerhans cells and merkel cells are both types of cells found in the skin

___ ___ provide touch signals

A

merkel cells

59
Q

langerhans cells and merkel cells are both types of cells found in the skin

___ ___ assess the environment for foreign molecules then trigger the immune response

A

langerhans cells

60
Q

function in thermoregulation by cooling the skin;
increase friction on the palms of the hands

A

merocrine glands

61
Q

release secretions consisting of secretory products as well as disintegrating cells

A

holocrine glands

62
Q

glands that release substances through ducts onto the body’s surface

endocrine or exocrine?

A

exocrine glands

63
Q

glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream

endocrine or exocrine?

A

endocrine glands

64
Q

endocrine glands = release to the INTERNAL environment
___ ___ = release to the EXTERNAL environment

A

exocrine glands

Human Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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