The Reproductive System Flashcards
___ ___ are cancer cells that grow and spread uncontrollably
malignant cells
(cancer cells)
___ ___ is a disease that occurs when malignant cells grow in the prostate
(a gland in the male reproductive system)
prostate cancer
___ ___ is a rare disease that occurs when malignant cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles
testicular cancer
a man’s prostate produces the ___ ___ that nourishes and transports sperm
seminal fluid
where sperm mature and are stored
epididymis
(eh·puh·di·duh·muhs)
produce sperm and male hormones
testes
holds and protects the testicles
scrotum
produces fluid for semen
prostate
BRCA1 stands for “BReast CAncer gene 1”
BRCA2 stands for “BReast CAncer gene 2”
these ___ produce proteins that help keep cells from growing and dividing too rapidly/uncontrollably
genes
everyone has two copies of BRCA1 & BRCA2, one inherited from each parent;
people with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 ___ are more likely to develop cancer at a younger age
mutation
the ___ gene is a cancer protection gene that helps control cell growth and division, and repair damaged DNA
ATM
(ataxia telangiectasia mutated)
women with the ATM gene mutation have about a 50% chance of developing ___ ___;
men with a faulty ATM gene have an increased chance of developing prostate cancer, but the exact chance is unknown
breast cancer
the ___ gene regulates cell division and prevents cells from growing and dividing too fast by providing instructions for making tumor protein p53
TP53
(tumor protein p53)
mutations in the ___ gene can cause cancer cells to grow and spread;
cancers associated with this are difficult to treat because traditional therapies rely on p53 to destroy cancerous cells
TP53
(tumor protein p53)
genes that increase the risk of ___ ___ include:
* BRCA1 and BRCA2
* ATM
* TP53
breast cancer
allows menstrual blood to leave the body
cervix
receives, retains, and nourishes a fertilized ovum
uterus
a mature female reproductive cell
ovum
a woman has two ___; one on each side of the uterus
ovaries
the top part of the uterus
fundus
two long, slender tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus
fallopian tubes
eggs pass from the ovaries —> through the fallopian tubes —> to the ___
uterus
during ovulation, ___ catch the egg and sweep it into the fallopian tube
fimbriae
(fim·bree·ay)
the ducts in the breast that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple
lactiferous ducts
(milk ducts)
where each individual duct opens independently as a small pore, allowing milk to be released during lactation
opening of lactiferous ducts
(milk ducts)
(makes hormones necessarily to support a pregnancy)
corpus luteum
(where an egg matures)
a growing follicle
they secrete hormones which influence stages of the menstrual cycle;
each has the POTENTIAL to release an egg for fertilization
follicles
an ___is an immature egg cell;
it will eventually break free from the follicle
oocyte
(ow·uh·site)
-metrium = “uterus”
endometrium
-metrium = “uterus”
myometrium
-metrium = “uterus”
perimetrium
a structure in the ovary that stores oocytes & a layer of granulosa cells; supports ovulation
primordial follicle
helps follicles/eggs grow; is at its highest level just before ovulation
follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH)
estrogen peaks just BEFORE ___,
then significantly drops as the dominant follicle releases the egg and transforms into the corpus luteum
ovulation
this hormone triggers the release of an egg from the ovary
luteinizing hormone
(LH)
an ___ ___ is when a fertilized egg implants itself outside of the womb, usually in one of the fallopian tubes
ectopic pregnancy
___ is a fatal birth defect that occurs when the brain and skull do not fully develop during pregnancy;
often noticed during a scan around 12 weeks
anencephaly
(a·nuhn·seh·fuh·lee)
___ ___ is a serious condition that causes abnormal fluid buildup in a fetus or newborn;
can be detected as early as the first trimester of pregnancy
hydrops fetalis
