the respiratory system

Question 1

larynx

Answer 1

connects the back of the nose to the trachea to form a passage

Question 2

trachea

Answer 2

(windpipe) divides into two bronchi from the larynx

Question 3

epiglottis

Answer 3

flap of tissue preventing food from going into the lungs

Question 4

bronchi

Answer 4

large tubes which divide into tiny tubes allowing air to travel into the lungs

Question 5

bronchioles

Answer 5

divisions of the bronchi

Question 6

alveoli

Answer 6

the site for gas exchange within the lungs

Question 7

diaphragm

Answer 7

muscles separating the lower chest from digestive organs

Question 8

intercoastal muscles

Answer 8

muscles used for contraction within the ribs

Question 9

pleural membranes

Answer 9

cover the inside of the lungs

Question 10

what is inspiration

Answer 10

-the diaphragm ad intercoastal muscles contract
-the ribs lift upwards and outwards
-air fills the lungs
-the air then flows from high pressure to low pressure

Question 11

what is expiration

Answer 11

-diaphragm and intercoastal muscles relax
-ribs go downwards and inwards due to gravity
-air leaves the lungs
-air flows from high pressure to low pressure

Question 12

what is gaseous exchange

Answer 12

-oxygen flows into the blood and oxyhaemoglobin is produced
-carbon dioxide is dissolved into the plasma
it the diffuses into the opposite direction down a diffusion gradient

Question 13

what is a diffusion gradient

Answer 13

-the concentration of oxygen in the lungs is higher than in the blood
-carbon dioxide diffuses into the opposite direction so then there are higher levels of co2 in the blood than in the alveoli

Question 14

what are three features of the alveoli walls which make gas exchange easier

Answer 14

-air sacs
-one cell thick
-inner walls are coated in water

Question 15

function of air sacs in gas exchange

Answer 15

-make a large surface area which means a larger amount of gas exchange can occur

Question 16

function of alveoli walls being one cell thick in gas exchange

Answer 16

-results in a small distance for gases to pass through

Question 17

function of the inner walls being coated in water in gas exchange

Answer 17

• allows oxygen to dissolve before going through the walls to the capillaries

Question 18

what is ATP

Answer 18

energy

Question 19

what is respiration

Answer 19

a series of chemical reactions that breakdown glucose to produce energy

Question 20

where does respiration occur

Answer 20

cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 21

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 21

-occurs when the cells have oxygen
-the process breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid releasing energy
-the energy from this enters the mitochondria and into the Krebs cycle where energy is released

Question 22

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

-the oxidation of glucose is incomplete
-this means the reaction releases less energy
- lactic acid is toxic and causes our muscles to ache so we require oxygen to remove the build up.

Question 23

what does anaerobic respiration produce

Answer 23

small amount of energy and lactic acid

Question 24

what is asthma

Answer 24

a common lung condition that causes breathing difficulties

Question 25

symptoms of asthma

Answer 25

sneezing, breathlessness, tight chest, coughing

Question 26

causes of asthma

Answer 26

genetics, pollution, allergies

Question 27

common triggers for asthma

Answer 27

stress, viral infections, cold weather

Question 28

how can asthma be monitored

Answer 28

allergy tests, spirometry, peak expiratory flow test

Question 29

what is a spirometry

Answer 29

lung function test which measures how much air you can breathe out

Question 30

how can an allergy test be done

Answer 30

blood tests

Question 31

what are the different types of inhalers

Answer 31

dry powder and soft mist

Question 32

how can someone manage their asthma triggers

Answer 32

try to avoid them like dust mites, animals and medicines

Question 33

what is emphysema

Answer 33

a lung disease which results from damage to the walls of the alveoli

Question 34

common causes of emphysema

Answer 34

cigarette smoke, dust, air pollution

Question 35

how can emphysema be diagnosed

Answer 35

blood tests, chest x-ray

Question 36

management methods of emphysema

Answer 36

pulmonary rehabilitation- breathing exercises to reduce breathlessness oxygen therapy, medication e.g salmeterol

Question 37

lifestyle changes which can be used to manage this disease

Answer 37

stay active, vaccine, maintain healthy weight

Question 38

what is cystic fibrosis

Answer 38

causes sticky mucus to develop in the lungs and can cause problems with digestion, INHERITED CONDITION.

Question 39

symptoms of cystic fibrosis

Answer 39

coughing, wheezing, greasy stools

Question 40

causes of cystic fibrosis

Answer 40

inherited condition, a faulty gene

Question 41

how is cystic fibrosis diagnosed

Answer 41

sweat test or genetic test

Question 42

how can cystic fibrosis be managed

Answer 42

lung transplants, change of diet, exercise