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health and social care > the respiratory system > Flashcards

the respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

larynx

A

connects the back of the nose to the trachea to form a passage

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2
Q

trachea

A

(windpipe) divides into two bronchi from the larynx

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3
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of tissue preventing food from going into the lungs

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4
Q

bronchi

A

large tubes which divide into tiny tubes allowing air to travel into the lungs

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5
Q

bronchioles

A

divisions of the bronchi

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6
Q

alveoli

A

the site for gas exchange within the lungs

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7
Q

diaphragm

A

muscles separating the lower chest from digestive organs

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8
Q

intercoastal muscles

A

muscles used for contraction within the ribs

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9
Q

pleural membranes

A

cover the inside of the lungs

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10
Q

what is inspiration

A

-the diaphragm ad intercoastal muscles contract
-the ribs lift upwards and outwards
-air fills the lungs
-the air then flows from high pressure to low pressure

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11
Q

what is expiration

A

-diaphragm and intercoastal muscles relax
-ribs go downwards and inwards due to gravity
-air leaves the lungs
-air flows from high pressure to low pressure

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12
Q

what is gaseous exchange

A

-oxygen flows into the blood and oxyhaemoglobin is produced
-carbon dioxide is dissolved into the plasma
it the diffuses into the opposite direction down a diffusion gradient

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13
Q

what is a diffusion gradient

A

-the concentration of oxygen in the lungs is higher than in the blood
-carbon dioxide diffuses into the opposite direction so then there are higher levels of co2 in the blood than in the alveoli

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14
Q

what are three features of the alveoli walls which make gas exchange easier

A

-air sacs
-one cell thick
-inner walls are coated in water

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15
Q

function of air sacs in gas exchange

A

-make a large surface area which means a larger amount of gas exchange can occur

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16
Q

function of alveoli walls being one cell thick in gas exchange

A

-results in a small distance for gases to pass through

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17
Q

function of the inner walls being coated in water in gas exchange

A
  • allows oxygen to dissolve before going through the walls to the capillaries
18
Q

what is ATP

A

energy

19
Q

what is respiration

A

a series of chemical reactions that breakdown glucose to produce energy

20
Q

where does respiration occur

A

cytoplasm and mitochondria

21
Q

what is aerobic respiration

A

-occurs when the cells have oxygen
-the process breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid releasing energy
-the energy from this enters the mitochondria and into the Krebs cycle where energy is released

22
Q

what is anaerobic respiration

A

-the oxidation of glucose is incomplete
-this means the reaction releases less energy
- lactic acid is toxic and causes our muscles to ache so we require oxygen to remove the build up.

23
Q

what does anaerobic respiration produce

A

small amount of energy and lactic acid

24
Q

what is asthma

A

a common lung condition that causes breathing difficulties

25
Q

symptoms of asthma

A

sneezing, breathlessness, tight chest, coughing

26
Q

causes of asthma

A

genetics, pollution, allergies

27
Q

common triggers for asthma

A

stress, viral infections, cold weather

28
Q

how can asthma be monitored

A

allergy tests, spirometry, peak expiratory flow test

29
Q

what is a spirometry

A

lung function test which measures how much air you can breathe out

30
Q

how can an allergy test be done

A

blood tests

31
Q

what are the different types of inhalers

A

dry powder and soft mist

32
Q

how can someone manage their asthma triggers

A

try to avoid them like dust mites, animals and medicines

33
Q

what is emphysema

A

a lung disease which results from damage to the walls of the alveoli

34
Q

common causes of emphysema

A

cigarette smoke, dust, air pollution

35
Q

how can emphysema be diagnosed

A

blood tests, chest x-ray

36
Q

management methods of emphysema

A

pulmonary rehabilitation- breathing exercises to reduce breathlessness
oxygen therapy, medication e.g salmeterol

37
Q

lifestyle changes which can be used to manage this disease

A

stay active, vaccine, maintain healthy weight

38
Q

what is cystic fibrosis

A

causes sticky mucus to develop in the lungs and can cause problems with digestion, INHERITED CONDITION.

39
Q

symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

coughing, wheezing, greasy stools

40
Q

causes of cystic fibrosis

A

inherited condition, a faulty gene

41
Q

how is cystic fibrosis diagnosed

A

sweat test or genetic test

42
Q

how can cystic fibrosis be managed

A

lung transplants, change of diet, exercise

health and social care (9 decks)

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