digestive system

Question 1

what are all the components of the digestive system

Answer 1

buccal cavity, salivary glands, epiglottis, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, rectum, anus, gall bladder, bile duct, pancreatic duct, pancreas

Question 2

buccal cavity

Answer 2

mouth

Question 3

salivary glands

Answer 3

produce saliva to help moisten the food and make it easier to swallow

Question 4

epiglottis

Answer 4

flap of cartilage which covers the opening if the windpipe and prevents chocking

Question 5

oesophagus

Answer 5

preforms peristales which are muscle contractions that propel the food to our stomach

Question 6

stomach

Answer 6

breaks food up into chunks, enzymes are released to break the food down into protiens. leaves the stomach as chyme and goes to the small intestine

Question 7

liver

Answer 7

produces and sends bile to the gall bladder, the bile neutralises the chyme and helps breakdown fats.

Question 8

gall bladder

Answer 8

secretes bile into the start of the small intestine

Question 9

bile duct

Answer 9

bile passes here from the gall bladder to the stomach

Question 10

pancreas

Answer 10

produces digestive juices and transfers bile into the stomach

Question 11

pancreatic duct

Answer 11

produces another fluid containing enzymes (amylase/lipase) and alkaline salts from the pancreas into the stomach

Question 12

small intestine

Answer 12

chyme from the stomach moves to the ileum which is part of the small intestine and the ileum is covered in villi that contain blood vessels, nutrients are carried into the blood stream. fats and broken down into fatty acids and proteins are broken down into amino acids.

Question 13

large intestine

Answer 13

reabsorbs left over fibre, water and waste from the digested food. this is drained and turned into poo

Question 14

rectum

Answer 14

will expand to release the waste

Question 15

anus

Answer 15

this is where the bodys waste exits

Question 16

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 16

chewing food to physically break it down, most important form takes place in the stomach where muscles in the walls of the stomach churn the food and break it down into smaller pieces

Question 17

what is chemical digestion

Answer 17

proteins, carbs and fats are large nutrients which need chemicals to break them down, they have to be broken down by enzymes which break down the chemical bonds

Question 18

what are the digestive roles of the liver and the pancreas

Answer 18

-enzymes in the saliva help to breakdown food, the stomach produces hydrochloric acid which continues to help the food to be broken down, the chyme enters the duedoum to become neutralised and alkaline saltes are added from bile which has entered from the liver and pancreatic juices from the pancreas, finally the chyme is broken down in order to be apssed into nutrients so that oit can go into the blood stream.

Question 19

what is the role of the gall bladder

Answer 19

the gall bladder stores bile which is released when fat is eaten

Question 20

how are the walls of the small intestine adapted for the absorption of nutrients

Answer 20

villi-large surface area on the walls of the small intestine
large capillaries in each villi so nutrients can be easily absorbed
villi contain one cell thick walls which causes a short diffusion pathway so nutrients can be easily absorbed

Question 21

what is assimilation

Answer 21

movement of digested nutrients into the body cells to become part of the cells

Question 22

what are some causes of ibs

Answer 22

triggers: alcohol, caffeine, stress, family history, infection of the large intestine
Intestine walls sensitive to certain foods

Question 23

what are some symptoms of ibs

Answer 23

abdominal pain and bloating, increased wind, constipation

Question 24

what are some treatments for ibs

Answer 24

reduce stress, avoid food triggers, probiotics, medication to relax bowel, extreme cases will lead to surgery

Question 25

what are some causes of gall stones

Answer 25

female, overweight, over 40, ibs, family history, diet high in processed foods

Question 26

what are some symptoms of gallstones

Answer 26

sweating, nausea, vomiting, high temp, rapid heartbeat, loss of appetite, yellow skin and eyes, digestive issues

Question 27

what are some treatments for gall stones

Answer 27

avoid fatty foods, loose weight, lithroscopy (high frequency vibrations used to break apart the gall stones)

Question 28

what are some causes of coeliac disease

Answer 28

-autoimmune disease, intolerance to gluten

Question 29

what are some symptoms of coeliac disease

Answer 29

abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhoea, fat loss, fatigue- can lead to anaemia

Question 30

what are some treatment for coeliac disease

Answer 30

diet that doesnt include gluten products

Question 31

what is an ultrasound

Answer 31

uses gel, pressed onto skin and image shown up on the screen, sound waves bounce back to show images of organs and this can detect blockages

Question 32

what is a lithroscopy

Answer 32

high frequency sound waves used to breakdown gall stones

Question 33

what is an endoscopy

Answer 33

can detect causes of pain- a tube is placed through the mouth and into the organs with a small camera attached.

Question 34

what is a biopsy

Answer 34

a sample of taken of tissue from the body which is looked under by a microscope.