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A level PE > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is TV

A

The amount of air breathed in and out per breath

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3
Q

What is breathing frequency

A

How many breaths taken per minute

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4
Q

What is minute ventilation

A

The amount of air breathed in and out per minute

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5
Q

What is the resting volume of tidal volume

A

500ml

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6
Q

What is the resting volume for breathing frequency

A

12bpm

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7
Q

What is the resting volume of minute ventilation

A

6-10L/m

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8
Q

What is the maximal volume of TV

A

3L

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9
Q

What is the maximal value for breathing frequency

A

70-120bpm

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10
Q

What is the maximal value of minute ventilation

A

180L/m

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11
Q

Is inspiration during rest active or passive

A

Active

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12
Q

What muscles contract during inspiration

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals

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13
Q

Is expiration during rest and active or passive action

A

Passive

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14
Q

What additional muscles help inspiration during excercise

A

Pectorals
SCMs
Trapezius

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15
Q

How does the chest cavity volume and air pressure values differ to rest

A

Values are greater than those at rest

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16
Q

Why does the chest cavity expand

A

To create a low area of pressure so air can flow in as particles move from a high to low pressure

17
Q

Is expiration during excercise active or passive

A

Active

18
Q

What additional muscles help expiration during exercise

A

Inter - intercostals
Abdominals force diaphragm to contract quicker

19
Q

Describe how vascular shunt takes place

A

A receptor detects a change

Sends impulse to vasomotor centre

Sympathetic nervous system vasolidates arteries carrying blood to working muscles

Vasoconstriction of arteries carrying blood to non working muscles

20
Q

Explain the changes to stroke volume during sub maximal excercise

A

Increase Venus return , Increase SV
SV reaches maximal levels during sub maximal exercise
120-200 ml
SV may decrease as diastole does not have enough time to occur

21
Q

What is the average value of cardiac output during maximal exercise

A

20-40L

22
Q

Describe how the conduction system of the heart controls the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle

A

SA node generates cardiac impulse
Atrial systole occurs
Impulse travels to AV node
Impulse continues down bundle of His
Causing ventricular contraction

23
Q

Describe intrinsic control of the heart during exercise

A

Increase in venous return
RA stretches
SA node increases rate of firing
Increasing end diastolic volume

24
Q

Explain why more oxygen disassociates from blood into the muscle cell during exercise

A

Body temperature increases so HG affinity to 02 increases
HG becomes fully saturated during excercise
Working muscles utilise more 02
HG gives up 02 to the muscle easier
Increased 02 diffusion gradient
Increased removal of co2

25
Q

Name the 5 mechanisms of venous return

A

Pocket valves
Muscle pump
Respiratory pump
Smooth muscle
gravity

26
Q

Explain how an increase of Venus return during exercise affects the quality of an athletes performance

A

Increased VR causes atria to stretch
Stimulating SA node
Increasing HR
Increases SV
Cardiac output increases
Increased performance

27
Q

Describe the mechanics of breathing for inspiration at rest

A

EICs contract
Diaphragm contract
Ribs go up and out
Increasing TC volume
Creating an area of low pressure

28
Q

Explain the role of the SCM muscle during excercise

A

SCM contracts during respiration
Causes rib cage to move up and out
During expiration SCM relax
Causing rib cage to move down and in

29
Q

Describe the mechanics of breathing for inspiration during excercise

A

EICs contact with greater force
Diaphragm contracts with greater force
Additional muscles such as the trapezius are recruited
Chest cavity is greater than at rest
So more air enters lungs as air moves from a low to high pressure

30
Q

Describe the short term effects of excercise on gas exchange at the alveoli

A

Gases diffuse from an are of high to low concentration
Therefore more oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood

31
Q

Outline how oxygen is transported in blood

A

Oxygen combines with HG
Oxygen dissolved in plasma

32
Q

Describe the process of oxygen diffusion at the alveoli during exercise

A

02 moves from alveoli to blood
High pp of 02 in alveoli
During exercise muscles use more 02
So there is lower pp of 02 in blood

A level PE (12 decks)

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