The Respiratory System Flashcards
what body parts does the respiratory system consist of?
the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
what are the names of the two systems in the respiratory system?
the upper and lower respiratory system.
what parts are defined to be apart of the “upper” respiratory system?
the nose and pharynx
what parts are defined to be apart of the “lower” respiratory system?
larynx, trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles, bronchies
what parts are included in the “respiratory zone?”
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
what are the functions of the respiratory system?
i. provides for gas exchange
ii. helps regulate blood ph
iii. contains receptors for your sense of smell, inspect air, produces vocal sounds, excretes small amounts of water and heat
what are the names of the two openings of the nose?
external nares and nostrils
how many types of cartilage is the external portion of the nose made out of? name them?
three different types.
i. septal cartilage
ii. lateral nasal cartilage
iii. alar cartilage
what are the functions of the nose?
(a) warming, moistening, and filtering incoming air
(b) detecting olfactory stimuli
(c) modify speech vibrations as they pass through the large, hollow resonating chambers
what are the functions of paranasal sinuses
produce mucus, serve as resonating chambers for sound, lighten the weight of the skull
what is path taken by air molecules into and through nose?
nostrils, vestibule, nasal cavity (past nasal conchae), internal naris, nasopharynx
how does nose moisten and clean inhaled air before it enters rest of respiratory tract?
filtered by hairs in nose and mucus secreted by goblet cells; warmed by blood in capillaries; moistened by mucus
what are superior and inferior borders of pharynx?
superior border: nasal cavity
inferior border: larynx
what is another word for the trachea?
windpipe
how many “lobes” does each lung have?
right: three
left: two
what is the order of the branching of the bronchial tree?
trachea -> primary bronchi -> secondary bronchi -> tertiary bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles
describe the four layers of the respiratory membrane
(a) type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells that constitute the alveolar wall
(b) an epithelial basement membrane underying the alveolar wall
(c) a capillary basement membrne that is often fused to the epithelial basement membrane
(d) the capillary endothelium
what is the process of gas exchange
(a) pulmonary ventilation
(b) external respiration
(c) internal respiration
how does epiglottis prevent aspiration of foods and liquids?
by closing over glottis when swallowing
what is main function of vocal folds?
produce sounds during speaking and singing
what is benefit of NOT having cartilage between trachea and esophagus?
accommodates slight expansion of esophagus into trachea during swallowing
what is purpose of solid C-shaped cartilage rings?
maintain an open airway
LOCATION of parietal pleura?
lines wall of thoracic cavity
LOCATION of visceral pleura?
covers lungs
LOCATION of the pleural cavity?
potential space between parietal and visceral pleura
What is the path taken by air molecules as they travel from terminal bronchioles to alveoli?
terminal bronchioles> respiratory bronchioles> alveolar ducts> alveoli
