Articulation

Question 1

how are joints classified?

Answer 1

by structure or function

Question 2

how are structural joints classified?

Answer 2

by connective tissue

Question 3

what are fibrous joints? (syrarthroses)

Answer 3

very close together and have little to no movement.

Question 4

what are the 3 subgroups (syrarthroses)

Answer 4

syndemoses, sutures, and gomphoses

Question 5

what are syndemoses?

Answer 5

• ligaments that connect 2 bones
• have some movement
  EXAMPLES: radioulnar, tibula + fibula.

Question 6

what are sutures?

Answer 6

• teethlike projections that connect 2 bones.
• located in skull
  EXAMPLES: sagittal, lambdoid

Question 7

what are gomphoses?

Answer 7

between teeth and alveolar processes of mandible or maxilla.

Question 8

what are cartilaginous joints? (amphiarthroses)

Answer 8

joint that are classified by connective tissue
usually structual joints

Question 9

what are the 2 groups of amphiarthroses?

Answer 9

synchindroses and symphese

Question 10

what are synchondroses?

Answer 10

• hyaline cartilage between articulating bones
  EXAMPLES: costal cartilage between rib and sternum

Question 11

what are sympheses?

Answer 11

pod or disks of fibrocartilage that connects 2 bones
EXAMPLE: intervertebral dics

Question 12

what are synovial joints? (diarthoses)

Answer 12

• most mobile and numerous joints
• characterized by 7 structures

Question 13

what are the 7 structures characterized for diarthoses?

Answer 13

joint capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, joint cavity, menisci, ligaments, bursae (airsacs)

Question 14

what are the 3 main types of synovial joints?

Answer 14

monoaxial (planar) , biaxial, and multiaxial

Question 15

what are monoaxial joints?

Answer 15

movement permitted around 1 axis and in 1 place
EXAMPLE: hinge and pivot elbow, knee, base of skull “no” (axis)

Question 16

what are biaxial joints?

Answer 16

movement permitted around 2 perpendicular axes and 2 perpendicular planes
EXAMPLE: saddle (in thumbs) and condyloid (joint between radius and carpals)

Question 17

what are multiaxial joints?

Answer 17

allows movement around 3 or more axes or planes

Question 18

what are the MAIN types of movement related to synovial joints?

Answer 18

angular and circular

Question 19

what are examples angular movements?

Answer 19

• flexion: bending / extension
  hyperextension (BAD!!)
• plantar flexion/ dorsiflexion
• abduction: away / adduction: towards

Question 20

what are examples circular movements?

Answer 20

• rotation: pivoting bone on axis
• circumduction: distal end moves in circle
• supination: palm up
• pronation: gimme 5

Question 21

what are examples of special movements?

Answer 21

• inversion / eversion: turns side of feet in or our
• protraction / retraction: jaw in or out
• elevation / depression: close mouth and open it
• opposition: thumb to tip of finger

Question 22

what is synostoes?

Answer 22

sutures that are present during childhood but get replaced in adulthood

Question 23

what are examples of gliding movements?

Answer 23

wrists, ankles, spinal vertebrae

Question 24

examples of multiaxial joints?

Answer 24

ball and socket (most moveable) hips and shoulders
gliding (least moveable) relatively flat articulating surfaces that
allow limited gliding motion along various
axes.