Articulation Flashcards
how are joints classified?
by structure or function
how are structural joints classified?
by connective tissue
what are fibrous joints? (syrarthroses)
very close together and have little to no movement.
what are the 3 subgroups (syrarthroses)
syndemoses, sutures, and gomphoses
what are syndemoses?
- ligaments that connect 2 bones
- have some movement
EXAMPLES: radioulnar, tibula + fibula.
what are sutures?
- teethlike projections that connect 2 bones.
- located in skull
EXAMPLES: sagittal, lambdoid
what are gomphoses?
between teeth and alveolar processes of mandible or maxilla.
what are cartilaginous joints? (amphiarthroses)
joint that are classified by connective tissue
usually structual joints
what are the 2 groups of amphiarthroses?
synchindroses and symphese
what are synchondroses?
- hyaline cartilage between articulating bones
EXAMPLES: costal cartilage between rib and sternum
what are sympheses?
pod or disks of fibrocartilage that connects 2 bones
EXAMPLE: intervertebral dics
what are synovial joints? (diarthoses)
- most mobile and numerous joints
- characterized by 7 structures
what are the 7 structures characterized for diarthoses?
joint capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, joint cavity, menisci, ligaments, bursae (airsacs)
what are the 3 main types of synovial joints?
monoaxial (planar) , biaxial, and multiaxial
what are monoaxial joints?
movement permitted around 1 axis and in 1 place
EXAMPLE: hinge and pivot elbow, knee, base of skull “no” (axis)
what are biaxial joints?
movement permitted around 2 perpendicular axes and 2 perpendicular planes
EXAMPLE: saddle (in thumbs) and condyloid (joint between radius and carpals)
what are multiaxial joints?
allows movement around 3 or more axes or planes
what are the MAIN types of movement related to synovial joints?
angular and circular
what are examples angular movements?
- flexion: bending / extension
hyperextension (BAD!!) - plantar flexion/ dorsiflexion
- abduction: away / adduction: towards
what are examples circular movements?
- rotation: pivoting bone on axis
- circumduction: distal end moves in circle
- supination: palm up
- pronation: gimme 5
what are examples of special movements?
- inversion / eversion: turns side of feet in or our
- protraction / retraction: jaw in or out
- elevation / depression: close mouth and open it
- opposition: thumb to tip of finger
what is synostoes?
sutures that are present during childhood but get replaced in adulthood
what are examples of gliding movements?
wrists, ankles, spinal vertebrae
examples of multiaxial joints?
ball and socket (most moveable) hips and shoulders
gliding (least moveable) relatively flat articulating surfaces that
allow limited gliding motion along various
axes.
