Histology: Study of Cells Flashcards
what are the 4 main groups of tissue?
epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular
what are the 4 different types of epithelial tissue
squamous, cuboldal, columnar, pseudostratified.
what are the different cell arrangements? describe them.
single - only 1 layer
stratified - 1 layer on top of another
transitional - diff cell shapes layered on top of each other
what are the functions of epithelial tissue?
sensory, protection, secretion, and excretion
generalizations of epithelial
limited matrix, no blood vessels, plasma membranes hold them together, and reproduce easily using mitosis.
what are exocrine glands?
release their secretions into ducts like salivary glands
what are endocrine glands?
release their secretions into the blood or interstitial fluid.
examples of interstitial fluid
pituitary (HGH) , thyroid (regulates metabolsim), and thymus (t cells for immunity)
what are the functions of connective tissue?
stores energy, protection, transports, binding support of organs, and framework
generalizations of connective tissues
largest of the 4 tissues, highly vascularized, rich blood supply, cells scattered throughout matrix.
name the 4 connective tissue types
fibrous, cartilage, osteocytes (bone), and blood
fibrous examples
areolar (loose), adipose (fat), reticular, dense fibrous
cartilage examples
hyaline, fibrocartaliage, and elastic
osteocytes examples
compact and cancellous
blood examples
eythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WBC), thrombocytes (platelets)
what are the percentages of adipose
15% male body weight, and 22% female body weight
what are the functions of bone (osseous)
support, protection, storage, and movement.
they arrange themselves in a ring-like form around the canal.
what do osteocytes produce?
produces collagen + calcium phosphate
what are muscle tissue functions?
motion, heat production, maintain posture
generalizations for muscle tissue
highly specialized for contraction, striated, and multi-nucleated. only has 1 nucleus
what is the difference between cardiac and smooth muscle?
cardiac is striated, branched, and involuntary
smooth is visceral and unstriated
what is the difference between a neuron and a neuroglia?
neurons - conduct impulses
neuroglia - forms special connections and support
what tissues have the best regenerative activity?
epithelial and connective
totipotent
a single cell that forms any/all tissue types.
pluripotent
forms most tissue types except embryonic tissue.
multipotent
cells that have limited regenerative activity.
epithelial tissue can be classified as what 2 things?
glandular and membranous
what type of membranes line organs?
visceral and serous
what do tissues help maintain?
homeostasis
what muscles are involuntary?
smooth and cardiac
name the three epithelial membranes & share their functions
cutaneous, serous, and mucous
cutaneous - the skin.
serous - line body cavities and cover organs. can be parietal (around cavity) and visceral (around organ)
mucous - lines bodu surfaces open directly to the exterior
what is collagen? where is it located?
tough, somewhat flexible protein. underlines epithelial tissue.
what is fibrosis?
the formation of scar tissue
what is a keloid?
unusually thick scar that develops in the lower layer of the skin
what tissues have the best regenerative activity?
epithelial and connective
what are the functions of the nervous tissue?
regulates and integrates the activities of the body.
location of nervous tissue?
brain, spinal cord, and nerves
what is a soma?
a cell body
what do axons & dendrites do?
axons transmit nerve impulses away.
dendrites conduct/receive impulses.
what are apocrine glands?
secretions that form near tip of cell and pinch off.
ex: mammary glands and sweat
what are holocrine glands?
collect secretions and then rupture
ex: sebaceous glands (oil)
what are merocrine glands?
secretions discharge through cell membrane.
ex: salivary glands
