Histology: Study of Cells

Question 1

what are the 4 main groups of tissue?

Answer 1

epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular

Question 2

what are the 4 different types of epithelial tissue

Answer 2

squamous, cuboldal, columnar, pseudostratified.

Question 3

what are the different cell arrangements? describe them.

Answer 3

single - only 1 layer
stratified - 1 layer on top of another
transitional - diff cell shapes layered on top of each other

Question 4

what are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

sensory, protection, secretion, and excretion

Question 5

generalizations of epithelial

Answer 5

limited matrix, no blood vessels, plasma membranes hold them together, and reproduce easily using mitosis.

Question 6

what are exocrine glands?

Answer 6

release their secretions into ducts like salivary glands

Question 7

what are endocrine glands?

Answer 7

release their secretions into the blood or interstitial fluid.

Question 8

examples of interstitial fluid

Answer 8

pituitary (HGH) , thyroid (regulates metabolsim), and thymus (t cells for immunity)

Question 9

what are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 9

stores energy, protection, transports, binding support of organs, and framework

Question 10

generalizations of connective tissues

Answer 10

largest of the 4 tissues, highly vascularized, rich blood supply, cells scattered throughout matrix.

Question 11

name the 4 connective tissue types

Answer 11

fibrous, cartilage, osteocytes (bone), and blood

Question 12

fibrous examples

Answer 12

areolar (loose), adipose (fat), reticular, dense fibrous

Question 13

cartilage examples

Answer 13

hyaline, fibrocartaliage, and elastic

Question 14

osteocytes examples

Answer 14

compact and cancellous

Question 15

blood examples

Answer 15

eythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WBC), thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 16

what are the percentages of adipose

Answer 16

15% male body weight, and 22% female body weight

Question 17

what are the functions of bone (osseous)

Answer 17

support, protection, storage, and movement.
they arrange themselves in a ring-like form around the canal.

Question 18

what do osteocytes produce?

Answer 18

produces collagen + calcium phosphate

Question 19

what are muscle tissue functions?

Answer 19

motion, heat production, maintain posture

Question 20

generalizations for muscle tissue

Answer 20

highly specialized for contraction, striated, and multi-nucleated. only has 1 nucleus

Question 21

what is the difference between cardiac and smooth muscle?

Answer 21

cardiac is striated, branched, and involuntary
smooth is visceral and unstriated

Question 22

what is the difference between a neuron and a neuroglia?

Answer 22

neurons - conduct impulses
neuroglia - forms special connections and support

Question 23

what tissues have the best regenerative activity?

Answer 23

epithelial and connective

Question 24

totipotent

Answer 24

a single cell that forms any/all tissue types.

Question 25

pluripotent

Answer 25

forms most tissue types except embryonic tissue.

Question 26

multipotent

Answer 26

cells that have limited regenerative activity.

Question 27

epithelial tissue can be classified as what 2 things?

Answer 27

glandular and membranous

Question 28

what type of membranes line organs?

Answer 28

visceral and serous

Question 29

what do tissues help maintain?

Answer 29

homeostasis

Question 30

what muscles are involuntary?

Answer 30

smooth and cardiac

Question 31

name the three epithelial membranes & share their functions

Answer 31

cutaneous, serous, and mucous

cutaneous - the skin.
serous - line body cavities and cover organs. can be parietal (around cavity) and visceral (around organ)
mucous - lines bodu surfaces open directly to the exterior

Question 32

what is collagen? where is it located?

Answer 32

tough, somewhat flexible protein. underlines epithelial tissue.

Question 33

what is fibrosis?

Answer 33

the formation of scar tissue

Question 34

what is a keloid?

Answer 34

unusually thick scar that develops in the lower layer of the skin

Question 35

what tissues have the best regenerative activity?

Answer 35

epithelial and connective

Question 36

what are the functions of the nervous tissue?

Answer 36

regulates and integrates the activities of the body.

Question 37

location of nervous tissue?

Answer 37

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 38

what is a soma?

Answer 38

a cell body

Question 39

what do axons & dendrites do?

Answer 39

axons transmit nerve impulses away.
dendrites conduct/receive impulses.

Question 40

what are apocrine glands?

Answer 40

secretions that form near tip of cell and pinch off.
ex: mammary glands and sweat

Question 41

what are holocrine glands?

Answer 41

collect secretions and then rupture
ex: sebaceous glands (oil)

Question 42

what are merocrine glands?

Answer 42

secretions discharge through cell membrane.
ex: salivary glands