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Foundations Of Biology > The Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the reproductive organs?

A

To produce sex cells and sex hormones

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2
Q

What are the primary male sex organs?

A

The testis

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3
Q

What makes up the structure of the testis?

A

Connective tissues and seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

Which cells produce male sex hormones?

A

The interstitial cells of the testis

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5
Q

What is the role of the seminiferous tubules?

A

The seminiferous tubules contain undifferentiated cells that give rise to sperm cells.

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6
Q

What is the name of the specific cells which give rise to sperm cells?

A

Spermatogenic cells within the seminiferous tubicles

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7
Q

What is the role of sustentacular cells within the testis?

A

They support and and nourish the spermatogenic cells.

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8
Q

What 3 structural elements make up a male sperm cell?

A

A head, mid piece and tail

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9
Q

What is the name of the enzyme at the head of the sperm cell which helps to break down the wall of the female egg cell?

A

Acrosome enzyme

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10
Q

How many chromosomes are present in a male sperm cell?

A

23

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11
Q

What is the role of the epididymides?

A

The epididymis store and nourish immature sperm cells

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12
Q

What do the seminal vesicles secrete?

A

An alkaline fluid to help to regulate the pH of semen.

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13
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

A lubricating fluid in preparation for sexual intercourse

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14
Q

What are the two structures which make up the male external reproductive organs?

A

The penis and scrotum

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15
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

To protects and regulates the temperature of the testis

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16
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Gonadotropin realising hormone

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17
Q

Which two gonadotropins are realised by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone

18
Q

What is the role of follicle stimulating hormone in the male reproductive system?

A

It stimulates the process of spermatogenesis

19
Q

What is the role of luteinising hormone in the male reproductive system?

A

It stimulates interstitial cells to produce male sex hormones.

20
Q

What is the general name for male sex hormones?

A

Androgens

21
Q

Which is the most important male sex hormone?

A

Testosterone

22
Q

What are the two main functions of testosterone (specifically at puberty)?

A

It helps to develop the male reproductive organs and maintains secondary sex characteristics (e.g. Lowers voice, promotes growth of body hair).

23
Q

How does the body regulate male sex hormones?

A

A negative feedback approach is used.

24
Q

What are the primary female sex organs?

A

The ovaries

25
Q

What are the two subdivisions of each ovary?

A

The medulla and the cortex

26
Q

Describe the process of oogenesis.

A

Primary oocytes are stimulated to continue meiosis. When a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis, it produces a secondary oocyte with half the number of chromosomes (23). The secondary oocyte is the egg cell.

27
Q

What occurs during ovulation?

A

The secondary oocyte is realised from an ovary.

28
Q

Where does fertilisation of the egg occur?

A

Within the uterine tubes.

29
Q

What sort of cell lines the wall of the uterine tubes? What is their function?

A

Ciliated cells. These cells help to transport the secondary oocyte down the tube.

30
Q

What three layers make up the uterine wall?

A

The endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium.

31
Q

What are the two most important female sex hormones?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone.

32
Q

What is the role of oestrogen?

A

Oestrogen develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics.

33
Q

What is the role of progesterone?

A

Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

34
Q

Where in the male reproductive system do the sperm mature?

A

In the epididymis.

35
Q

Which two hormones stimulate the production of sperm?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone.

36
Q

What are the two lateral columns of erectile tissue in the penis called?

A

The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum

37
Q

What is the muscular layer of the uterine wall called?

A

The myometrium

38
Q

What is the name of the vaulted area behind the cervix?

A

The vaginal fornix

39
Q

What are the three phases of the endometrial cycle? What occurs during each of these phases?

A

The menstrual phase, proliferative phase and secretory phase.
Menstrual- surface of endometrium breaks down
Proliferative- the egg develops and endometrium proliferates
Secretory- endometrium thickens, blood supply increases

40
Q

What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle called?

A

Follicular phase and luteal phase.

Foundations Of Biology (16 decks)

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