Immune System Flashcards
What are the major components of the immune system?
Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus.
What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?
Antigen- foreign particle which triggers an immune response.
Antibody- produced by the body and work by fighting against antigens
What is naturally acquired active immunity?
Exposure to live pathogens (catching a disease)
What is artificially acquired active immunity?
Being injected with weakened or dead pathogens to stimulate an immune response
What is naturally acquired passive immunity?
Antigens are passed to the foetus from a pregnant mother or to a newborn baby though breastfeeding
What is artificially acquired passive immunity?
An injection of a gamma globulin which provides temporary immunity which doesn’t produce memory cells.
Where are B cells produced?
In the bone marrow
Where are T cells produced?
In the thymus
How do B cells become activated?
When they encounter a pathogen with an antibody that matches the B cells antigen. Effector T cells need to be present to allow for this process to occur.
Once B cells have been activated they clone into…?
Memory B cells and effector B cells.
What is the function of memory T cells?
They produce a no delay response to any future pathogen displaying the same antigen.
What is the bodies first line of defence?
Skin and mucous membranes.
Give four examples of the bodies 2nd line of defence.
Chemical barriers (e.g. Acid in the stomach)
Natural killer cells
Phagocytosis
Inflammation / fever
What are the four major symptoms of an infection by a pathogen?
Renews
Swelling
Heat
Pain
The cellular immune response involves…………….and occurs……….the cell.
T cells
Inside
