The Reproductive System

Question 1

Internal organs for female

Answer 1

Vagina
Cervix
Uterus
2 uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
Fimbrae
2 ovaries

Question 2

Anatomical relations for female

Answer 2

Anterior – bladder
Posterior – rectum and anus
Superior – cervix
Laterally – soft tissues

Question 3

Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymph drainage
female

Answer 3

Arterial supply – uterine and vaginal arteries from the internal iliac
Venous drainage – venous plexus into internal iliac veins
Lymph drainage – deep and superficial iliac glands

Question 4

Uterus

Answer 4

7.5cm long, 5cm wide
2.5 cm thick walls
30 – 40grams
Divided into 3 section
Fundus
Body
Cervix

Question 5

Fundus

Answer 5

Dome shaped, above the openings of the uterine tubes

Question 6

Perimetrium

female

Answer 6

peritoneum, covers the anterior, posterior and upper surfaces. Posteriorly it folds back on the rectum – rectouterine pouch – Pouch of Douglas

Question 7

Myometrium

female

Answer 7

mass of smooth muscle, along with blood vessels and nerves

Question 8

Endometrium

female

Answer 8

inner lining of connective tissue. Upper layer thickens and becomes rich with blood during the first half of the menstrual cycle – this is shed during a period.
Basal layer is the permanent layer, from which the inner layer is regenerated

Question 9

Uterine Tubes (Fallopian) structure

Answer 9

10 cm long
Extend from the sides of uterus
They penetrate through the peritoneum to sit close to the ovaries
Has finger like projections at the end of the tube – fimbriae
Longest is called the ovarian fimbria

Covered with peritoneum
Middle layer of smooth muscle
Lined with ciliated epithelium

Blood supply – same as uterus

Question 10

The function of fallopian tubes

Answer 10

Propel the ovum from the ovary into the uterus by ciliary movement and peristalsis

Question 11

Ovaries 2 layers of tissue, medulla and cortex

Answer 11

Medulla –lies in the middle. Consists of fibrous tissue, blood vessels and nerves

Cortex
Connective tissue (stroma) covered by germinal epithelium
Contain ovarian follicles – present from birth.
Every 28 days – 1 follicle (Graafian Follicle) matures, ruptures and releases an ovum into the peritoneal cavity
Ovulation

Question 12

What is a Hysterosalpingogram

Answer 12

is an X-ray procedure that is used to view the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It often is used to see if the fallopian tubes are partly or fully blocked. It also can show if the inside of the uterus is a normal size and shape.
Contrast is put into the vagina

Question 13

Male System

Answer 13

Scrotum
Testes
Spermatic cords
Seminal Vesicles
Ejaculatory Ducts
Prostate Gland
Urethra and penis

Question 14

Male testes tissue
Tunica vaginalis –
Tunica Albuginea –
Tunica Vasculosa –

Answer 14

Tunica vaginalis – double layer formed from the peritoneum
Tunica Albuginea – fibrous layer, divides the testes into lobules
Tunica Vasculosa – network of capillaries

Question 15

Structure testes

Answer 15

200 – 300 lobules – each containing 1-4 loops of germinal epithelial cells called seminiferous tubules
In between, testosterone producing cells
At the upper pole, the tubules join together to form 1 tube. 6mm long, tightly folded, called epididymis

Question 16

Prostate Gland anatomical relations

Answer 16

Anterior – symphysis pubis
Posterior – rectum
Superior – bladder

Question 17

Seminal Vesicles

Answer 17

are 2 small pouches, 5cm long.
Lie posterior to the bladder
They form a short duct, which joins with the deferent duct to form an ejaculatory duct.
The seminal vesicles contract and expel seminal fluid.
60% of the volume of semen, viscous and alkaline and contains fructose to fuel the sperm.

Question 18

Urethra

Answer 18

Common pathway for urine and semen
19-20 cms long, 3 parts
Prostatic (in the prostrate gland)
Membranous (from prostrate to bulb of penis)
Spongiose (lies within the corpus spongiosum of penis)

Question 19

2 sphincters

Answer 19

Internal – ring of smooth muscle at the neck of the bladder

External – ring of skeletal muscle around the membranous part

Question 20

Blood supply and lymph breast

Answer 20

Thoracic branches of axillary arteries, internal mammary and intercostal arteries.
Venous drainage – axillary and mammary veins
Lymph – superficial axillary lymph vessels. If this route is obstructed, then internal mammary nodes.

Question 21

Hormonal Influences (during pregnancy)
Progesterone
Oestrogen
Prolactin
Oxytocin

Answer 21

Progesterone – alveoli development. After birth, levels drop which triggers milk production
Oestrogen – duct development (levels also drop after birth)
Prolactin – alveoli development
Oxytocin – contracts muscles around alveoli to stimulate lactation (positive feedback)

Question 22

Nipple

Answer 22

– small conical eminence at the centre of the breast.
Surrounded by a pigmented area – areola
Numerous sebaceous glands, which lubricate the nipple during lactation

Question 23

Breast overview

Answer 23

20 lobes per breast.
 Lobules composed of alveoli
 Open into lactiferous ducts
 Ducts pass to areola and form sinuses
 Ducts open on surface of nipple
 Modified sweat glands

Question 24

Lymph Drainage breast

Answer 24

Mostly to axillary nodes
Internal mammary nodes
Lymph – superficial axillary lymph vessels. If this route is obstructed, then internal mammary nodes