The Rennaissce Flashcards
What were the centres of activity in the renaissance?
Rome, Florence & Venice
In the 15th century, how was Italy divided up?
Separate states
The south contained the kingdom of what?
Naples
Was Naples rich or poor?
Poor
What cities did the north contain?
( such as ) Venice and Florence
What does the centre contain?
The centre contains the Papal States with its main city Rome
What inspired people to learn people to learn more about the past?
Ancient Rome, with its ruins of the forum , colosseum and the Circus Maximus inspired people to learn more about the past
What were governments becoming in the 14th century?
More secure
What else brought about the beginning of the renaissance?
The sense of past glories— heritage
What language is Italian based on?
Latin, the language of Ancient Rome
What were Italian merchants involved in?
They were involved in patronage, sponsored painters, writers and sculptors.
What was Italy, in the sense of the world?
Crossroads of the world
What trade did Italy gain due to its position of the world
The Arabs and China
Why did Italy gain the knowledge of the ancient Greeks?
The Greeks were attacked in Constantinople so some fled to Italy
What nationality of thinkers and artists emerged during the renaissance?
German,Spanish,Dutch,French and English thinkers and artists emerged
The Renaissance saw many new beginnings in many areas such as..
Poetry and Painting
What were the names of the 2 great Florence Humanist writers?
Petrarch & Boccaccio
What was the Renaissance outside of Italy known as?
The Northern Renaissance
Why was the Northern Renaissance, called the northern renaissance?
It took place later than the Italian renaissance and it took place in the northern part of Europe
When was Petrarch in this world?
1304-1374
When was Boccaccio in this world?
1313-1375
Where did Petrarch live / was from
Florence
What was Petrarch interested in?
History, architecture, and the works of the Ancient Greeks and Romans
What did he ( Petrarch ) want to bring back?
He wanted to imitate early art and bring ‘ a rebirth of learning’
What languages did Petrarch love?
Italian and Latin
Who was the first great Renaissance poet?
Petrarch
Who wrote ‘Canzonieve’?
Petrarch
What did Petrarch invent?
The sonnet ( 14 lines )
What was Petrarch known as?
Father of the Renaissance Humanism
Where was Boccaccio born?
Florence
What did Boccaccio do for work
He worked as an ambassador to the pope in Avignon
What did Boccaccio write?
Decameron
What is the Decameron about?
Ten people tell stories while escaping from the plague
From the 1400 century onwards what were the most import parts of Italy?
Florence, Venice , Milan , and Rome
What were the main cities of Italy called?
City states
What were the rulers and merchants of the city states like?
They were proud men
Rich merchants sponsored who? What is this called?
Artists, Patronage
Each state had its own what? Who controls it?
Government, a rich family or a prince
What did the rulers of city states live in?
Rulers lived in huge courts which had splendid surroundings
What were princes often ( jobs before being a prince )
Bankers and merchants
How did princes make their money?
They made their money through trade and commerce
Venice, Genoa and Florence became bustling centres of what?
Trade
Much of the profit merchants made was spent on what?
The decorations of their houses
Who were employed to decorate houses?
Artists, Sculptors and painters
Who lived in the courts?
Poets and musicians
Princes and rulers were often what ( character trait ) ( Hint: Testosterone)
Violent and ruthless
Where was the first city of the renaissance?
Florence
Who ruled early renaissance Florence?
Medici
How did the Medici family make their money?
Trade and banking
Who was the first Medici ruler of Florence?
Cosimo Medici
What did Cosimo Medici look for for his library?
Rare manuscripts
Was Cosimo Medici a patron of the Arts?
Yes
What were the years of the ‘Thirty years of Peace’
1434-1464
What was Cosimo Medici nickname ( given to him by the general public when he died)?
Pater Patriae ( father of the land )
Who was Cosimo Medici succeeded by?
Piero Medici
How long did Piero Medici rule for?
5 years
Did Piero do anything for the Florence economy?
No. He was a weak ruler and made little to no impression on Florence
Who succeeded Piero?
Lorenzo Medici
What attributes did Lorenzo have?
He was a poet, a patron of the arts, an athlete, a good banker and a good ruler
Who was Lorenzo’s most famous beneficiaries?
Botticelli, Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo.
Lorenzo sent agents throughout Europe in search of what?
Manuscripts
How many new manuscripts did Lorenzo find?
200 Greek works
Where were the new manuscripts stored?
Lorenzo’s library
What did lorenzo’s library become?
Europe’s first public library
Who were the Medici family’s biggest enemies in Florence?
The Pazzi’s
Was an attempt made on Lorenzo’s life? When? Who was killed?
Yes. Easter Sunday 1478. His brother, Giuliano
What precautions did Lorenzo take after his assassination attempt?
- Surrounded himself with an armed guard.
- Tighten his grip on the government of Florence
When did Lorenzo die?
1492
When was America discovered?
1492
15th century Rome was ruled by who?
The popes
How did the renaissance popes live?
In splendour and luxury
What were many of the pope’s concerned about, more than religion?
War and politics
Were popes patrons of the arts?
Yes
Who was the first great renaissance pope?
Nicholas V
When did Nicholas V rule?
1447-1455
Was Nicholas V humanist or anti-humanist?
Humanist
Who founded the Vatican Library?
Pope Nicholas V
Who improved the city of Rome in 1471-1484?
Sixtus IV
How did Sixtus the fourth improve Rome?
He widened the streets, built bridges and churches
Who had the Sistine Chapel built?
Sixtus IV
Was Sixtus IV a patron of the arts?
Yes
Who was involved with the Pazzi conspiracy?
Sixtus IV
Who was the nephew of Sixtus IV?
Julius II
When was Julius II pope?
1503-1513
Whalen did Leo X rule?
1513-1521
Whose son was Leo X’s?
Lorenzo Medici
What age did Leo X become cardinal?
14
Was Leo X a patron of the Arts?
Yes
What did Leo X build?
The new St.Peters Bassillica
Was the church in need of a reform?
Yes
What were violence and cruelty linked to?
Governments and politics
What were the rulers like?
They were vicious and cruel
Who was Andrea’s Vesalius?
He was the father of anatomy
Where did Andreas Vesalius study?
He studied in universities in Paris, Belgium ( Leuvain ) and Italy
What did Andreas Vesalius do to get the father of anatomy title?
He proved ideas about the human body were wrong
How did Ambroise Pare prefer to learn?
He preferred to learn by experience not class work material
What two things did Ambroise Pare use as an ointment anestethic in the battlefield?
Egg yolk and turpentine
Could Ambroise Pare enter the surgeons guild? Why?
No, because he didn’t speak Latin
What did William Harvey prove?
He proved that the blood is pumped around the body by the heart.
Where was Galileo born?
Pisa, Italy
What did Galileo study?
He studied mathematics
What did galileo discover?
That all objects fall at the same speed regardless of weight
What else did Galileo study?
Astronomy
What else did Galileo study?
Astronomy
What texture is the moons surface? Who discovered this?
Uneven, Galileo Galilei
What did the book of Genesis say about the planets?
It said the planets orbited the Earth
Who contradicted the book of Genesis? When was he alive? Who backed him up?
Nicholas Copernicus, 1473-1543, Galileo Galilei
What works did Galileo follow?
Johannes Kepler & Tycho Brahe
List a work that Galileo published:
Dialogue of the two world systems
What did the Roman Inquisition tell him to do? What could have happened?
They told him to take back all his ideas, he could have been executed
When was Michelangelo an active sculptor?
1500-1520 ish
What is the most famous statue in the world, when was it unveiled?
David, September 1504
What is the most famous statue in the world, when was it unveiled?
David, September 1504
What art sculpture style is David an example of?
Contrapposto
Name the two of the earliest buildings showing Renaissance characteristics:
- Fillipo Brunelleschi’s church of San Lorenzo
- Pazzi Chapel
What building can be best demonstrate the revival of classic antiquity?
Palazzo Rucellia
What was the most notable architectural commission of the era?
St.Peters Basilica
Why was St.Peters Bassilica the most notable commission of the era?
Because it was influenced by almost all notable renaissance artists
