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The Reformation Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Reformation?

A

The Reformation was a religious revolution, which occurred in Western Europe in the 16th century.

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2
Q

Who started the Reformation?

A

Martin Luther

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3
Q

What did the Reformation give rise for?

A

Protestantism

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4
Q

What for SNAPS stand for?

A

Simony
Nepotism
Absenteeism
Pluralism
Selling of Indulgences

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5
Q

What were bishops in the 16th century like?

A

They were unworthy, with little training or interest in their spiritual duties

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6
Q

What is Nepotism?

A

Being appointed though family

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7
Q

What is Pluralism?

A

They held more then one diocese ( region of churches)

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8
Q

What is Absenteeism?

A

Because of their huge incomes they rarely visited their diocese

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9
Q

What is Simony?

A

The buying and selling of positions in the church

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10
Q

What was the Selling of Indulgences?

A

The selling of indulgences gave the impression that money could buy a place in heaven, they shorted your time in Purgatory( waiting room). No one could prove they worked

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11
Q

Which of SNAPS did pope Alexander VI become pope through? What shouldn’t he have had?

A

Simony, a son & daughter

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12
Q

What are tithes?

A

They were taxes to the church

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13
Q

What did Julius II do when he was pope?

A

He led armies into war

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14
Q

What did other popes spend huge amounts of money on?

A

Patronising artists & building magnificent churches

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15
Q

Did people like paying tithes?

A

No

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16
Q

What are tithes?

A

Taxes to the church

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17
Q

What had humanism thought humans to do, in regards to the church?

A

Question everything

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18
Q

Who criticised the abuses in the church?

A

Lots of writers

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19
Q

Give 1 example of a person that criticised the abuses in the church, what was the name of the book he did this in?

A

Erasmus, his book “ in praise of folly”

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20
Q

What did the publishing of these books lead to?

A

Th people openly questioning and challenging the church

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21
Q

When & where was John Calvin born?

A

He was born in France in 1509

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22
Q

What age was Calvin when he died?

A

55

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23
Q

What book did John Calvin write that stated his religious beliefs?

A

He wrote “ the institutes of the Christian religion”

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24
Q

What did Calvin believe in?

A

He believed in Predestination

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25
Q

What does “ predestination “ mean?

A

It means that God had already decided before you were born that you were either saved ( heaven ) or you would be condemned ( hell ) & no action of a human could change this.

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26
Q

In “ predestination “ who were the elect?

A

They were the ones that were “saved” / gone to heaven

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27
Q

What was Geneva’s name in Calvin’s time?

A

City of God

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28
Q

What were 2/4 main features in Calvin’s new church?

A
  1. Life was very strict: luxuries were discouraged & entertainment such as dancing & gambling was forbidden.
  2. Laughter, swearing & cursing was forbidden
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29
Q

List main features 3&4 of Calvin’s church

A
  1. The punishment for breaking the rules were severe: imprisonment, expulsion from the city & death
  2. His church had no bishops. Instead 4 different groups, elected each year, ran his church.
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30
Q

List the 4 different groups in Calvin’s church & their jobs:

A

Pastors: preached & conducted services
Teachers: educated people to read the Bible
Deacons: took care of the sick & elderly people.
Elders ( Presbyters ) : behaves like a secret police & enforced Calvin’s strict rules

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31
Q

What is a schism?

A

A divide in the church

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32
Q

What does REG mean?

A

Queen

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33
Q

What does FD stand for? I’m Latin & English

A

Fidi Defensor / Defender of the faith

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34
Q

When did Henry VIII rule?

A

1509-1547 ( 38 yrs )

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35
Q

What was Cathrine of Aragon?

A

She was a Spanish Princess

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36
Q

What did Henry VIII do to earn the title of FD?

A

Wrote a book defending the pope against Luther.

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37
Q

Who did Henry VIII wish to divorce?

A

He wished to divorce his wife Catherine of Argon

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38
Q

Who refused Henry VIII divorce?

A

The pope

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39
Q

Who annulled the marriage between Henry VIII and Cathrine of Argon?

A

Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, dissolved the marriage

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40
Q

What act allowed the king to become head of the English church?

A

The Act Of Supremacy

41
Q

What did Henry VIII order Thomas Cromwell to do?

A

Close all monasteries in England

42
Q

How long did Edward VI rule?

A

9 years (1547-1554)

43
Q

Under Edward’s rule which religion becomes the most prominent?

A

Protestant

44
Q

What book contained all the church services in England?

A

Book of Common Prayer

45
Q

When did Queen Mary I rule?

A

1554-1558, 4 years

46
Q

What religion flourished under Mary I reign?

A

Catholic religion

47
Q

What happened to Protestants under Mary I reign?

A

They were persecuted

48
Q

What was Mary I nickname?

A

Bloody Mary

49
Q

What person is Mary I often confused with?

A

Mary Queen of Scots, her cousin

50
Q

How long did Elizabeth I rule?

A

45 yrs - 1558-1603

51
Q

Which female ruler restored Protestantism?

A

Elizabeth I

52
Q

What were “The 39 Articles”?

A

A statement of what “her” ( the Anglican ) church beliefs were

53
Q

What were the Anglican churches beliefs from 1558–>

A

A mix of Lutheran & Catholic beliefs

54
Q

What is transubstantiation? Which religion is this belief applied to?

A

When the bread & wine turn into the blood & body off Christ. Catholic Church

55
Q

What do you call it when the bread & wine stay bread and wine in a religion? Which religion is this most prominent in?

A

Consubstantiation, Protestantism

56
Q

What is the key word for the local/ common language in the area?

A

Vernacular

57
Q

What did Luther believe in?

A

Sola Fide, - justification by faith alone

58
Q

What is a papal bull?

A

The popes messenger for the bad stuff

59
Q

What does the papal bull carry?

A

Exscruge Domine

60
Q

List the 4 outcomes of Luther’s reformation:

A
  1. Split of Christianity
  2. Religious wars & conflict across Europe eg. 30 years war
  3. Catholic Church starts reformation
  4. Greater literacy due to bible translation
61
Q

What is the definition of the Catholic counter reformation?

A

It was an attempt by the Catholic Church to reform itself & prevent the spread of Protestantism

62
Q

Give the 3 aspects of the counter reformation, that the Catholic Church applied.

A
  • the council of Trent
  • the jesuits
  • the inquisition
63
Q

Who implemented these new rules?

A

Pope Paul III

64
Q

What is the key word for when the pope is never wrong?

A

Papal infallibility

65
Q

What is the key word for when the popes power extends everywhere?

A

Papal ultramontanism

66
Q

What were the 2 aims of the council of Trent?

A
  • to define the teachings of the Catholic Church
  • to correct abuses in the church
67
Q

Give the 6 doctrines of the Catholic Church

A
  1. Faith & good works are needed for salvation
  2. The Bible & the traditions of the church are equal sources of truth for Catholics
  3. There are 7 sacrements
  4. The mass is a true sacrifice of cavalry
  5. Transubstantion
  6. The pope is head of the Church
68
Q

Give the 6 new disciplinary rules implemented in the Catholic Church:

A
  1. Bishops must live in their diocese
    2.Nepotism & Simony were forbidden
  2. Indulgences were banned
  3. Seminaries should be set up in each diocese.
  4. Priests were not allowed to marry
  5. An index of forbidden books were drawn up
69
Q

Give 2/3 results of the Reformation:

A
  1. The Church could resist Protestantism because abuses had been stopped so that only worthy men would become bishops.
  2. Catholics were less confused because they had a clear statement of their beliefs.
70
Q

List the last result of the reformation on the Catholic Church:

A
  1. Because the Council refused to compromise on the doctrine, they could be no agreement with Protestants. The divisions between the two religions became permanent.
71
Q

Who founded the Jesuits?

A

Ignatius Loyola

72
Q

Who is Saint Ignatius Loyola?

A

A Spanish solider

73
Q

Who gave his life to the service of God?

A

Ignatius Loyola

74
Q

What did Ignatius Loyola do when he was ill?

A

He read religious books

75
Q

When did Loyola establish the Jesuit’s?

A

1534

76
Q

What were the spiritual exercises?

A

A book Loyola wrote, it was a book of guidelines for the training of priests.

77
Q

What did Loyola & his 6 friends establish?

A

Society of Jesus

78
Q

Who approved “ the spiritual exercises”?

A

Pope Paul III

79
Q

What nickname did the society of Jesus get? Why?

A

Soldiers of Christ, because they were organised like an army

80
Q

The nickname of the society of Jesus were very disciplined & dedicated but to who?

A

The pope

81
Q

What were the Jesuits famous for?

A

Education

82
Q

Why did the Spanish inquisition begin?

A

Began in an attempt to force Jews to become catholic

83
Q

What was the Spanish Inquisitions property type?

A

A church court

84
Q

What was the church court used for?

A

It is used to stop heresy

85
Q

What is heresy?

A

Beliefs contrary to the beliefs of the church

86
Q

How was information on heretics obtained?

A

Spies and informants

87
Q

How did they get the suspects to admit to Heresy?

A

Torture

88
Q

If the suspects refused to admit to heresy what happened to them?

A

They burnt them at the stake.

89
Q

When the Spanish Inquisition was successful, where did it move to?

A

Italy

90
Q

When the Spanish Inquisition moved to a new country, what new name did they get?

A

The Holy Office

91
Q

Who was the most famous among those who were persecuted?

A

Galileo

92
Q

What did the inquisition give the impression of?

A

It gave the impression that the Catholic Church was intolerant of other religions

93
Q

What did the Spanish inquisition prevent the spread of?

A

Protestantism

94
Q

Give the 5 results of the reformation:

A
  1. Europe divided
    2.Wars of religion
  2. Intolerance & Persecution
  3. Art & architecture
  4. Education
95
Q

Give 2 detailed points on the result of the reformation: Europe Divided

A
  1. Southern Europe remained largely Catholics
  2. Northern Europe became Protestant
96
Q

Give 1 detailed point on the result of the reformation:

A
  1. Religious wars broke out in France, Germany & Netherlands
97
Q

Give 1 detailed point on the result of the reformation: intolerance & persecution

A
  1. People were persecuted because they thought differently
98
Q

Give a difference between the appearance of the Catholic and Protestant churches:

A
  1. Protestant churches were plain
  2. Catholic Churches were richly decorated
99
Q

Give 3 detailed points on the result of the reformation: education

A
  1. Education became more important
  2. Protestant churches wanted everyone to read the Bible & all children to attend school
  3. Catholic Church set up their own schools

History (10 decks)

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