The Rationalisation And Modern Day Devlopment Of Association Football Flashcards
Reasons for a growth and development of association football
Urbanisation More free time Improved transport Increased professionalism Social class links Increased organisation
Bosman Ruling
A European court of justice decision made on the 15th December 1995 concerning freedom of movement for workers. An important decision as it allowed the freedom movement of labour in the European Union. It effectively allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract to another club without a transfer being paid
The emergence of elite female footballers in Modern day sport
In the UK, football has become increasingly available to women. A number of socio-cultural factors can be identified which have led to an increase in opportunities for women to participate and progress through to elite level in modern sports.
Equal Opportunities
■ More sports are generally available and socially acceptable.
■ Sex Discrimination Act has been passed, leading to less sexual discrimination in sport on the basis of gender.
■ The War effort from women also led to the breaking down myths and stereotypes about the physical capabilities of women.
UEFA
■ As the 21st Century progressed, women’s football has become increasingly prominent across the world.
■ UEFA have set up competitions such as the Women’s EURO and the UEFA Champions League.
■ Statistics for the growth of women’s football by UEFA for the 2014/15 season are:
– Total number of registered female players: 1,208,550.
– Total number of European countries with a women’s national football league: 51.
Elite Female Officials in Football
■ At the end of the 20th century, a very limited number of female officials were progressing through the to the Football League.
■ Wendy Toms was the first official to officiate in the Football league and then the Premier League.
■ Development opportunities for female referees in England have progressed in more recent years.
