Aggression

Question 1

Aggression and assertion

Answer 1

Aggression

• uncontrolled
• intent to harm
• outside rules
• reactive

Assertion

• controlled
• no intent to harm
• within rules
• motivated

Question 2

Aggression

Answer 2

Intent to harm outside the rules; hostile behaviour

Question 3

Assertion

Answer 3

Well motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 4

Instinct theory

Answer 4

• The aggressive response is innate
• It is a product of our evolution and will surface under provocation. Defending territory.Home pitch!
• players use sport as an outlet for built up aggression energy. Catharsis

Question 5

Catharsis

Answer 5

Cleansing the emotions using sports as an outlet for aggression

Question 6

Instinct theory

Answer 6

Aggression is spontaneous and innate

Question 7

The F-A hypothesis

Answer 7

Aggression is inevitable when frustrating circumstances cause our goals to be blocked, eg. A referee decision,poor play or being fouled.
If the aggressive tendency can be released catharsis may occur. If the aggression can not be released even more frustration can occur.

Question 8

ASIF

Answer 8

A-aggressive cue hypothesis
S-social learning theory
I- instinct theory
F- frustration-aggression hypothesis

Question 9

Aggressive cue hypothesis

Answer 9

• Suggests that aggression is caused by a learned trigger.
• Such pre-learned cues, learned from the coach or other players, trigger the aggressive response. For example, a coach may have allowed a football player to elbow the defender as his team works for positions in the penalty area as a corner is taken. The taking of a corner is a learned cue for an aggressive response.

Question 10

Social learning theory

Answer 10

Observe—- identify—-reinforced—-copy
Aggression is learned from experience,coaches,role models and significant others.
Aggressive behaviour will be copied if it is reinforced eg. Basket ball player sees his team captain four and open tent
Bandura suggested that children will copy the aggressive behaviour of adults, especially in a live situation.

Question 11

Strategies to Prevent Aggression

Answer 11

■ Don’t reinforce aggressive acts in training
■ Punishing players with fines, sub them
■ Sending players off
■ Calming players down
■ Mental rehearsal reduces arousal- Teach cognitive techniques, e.g. imagery
■ Teach relaxation, stress management
■ Set goals on performance not outcome
■ Reinforce assertion in training
■ Applying the rules consistently and fairly (fair play awards)
■ Pointing out responsibilities to the team
■ Walking away from the situation
■ Applying sanctions immediately
■ Non aggressive goals
■ Highlight non aggressive role models
■ Channel aggression into Assertion
■ Set goals on performance not outcome