The Quiet Revolution and the Quebecois Movement Flashcards
What was the Quiet Revolution?
The Liberal party, led by Jean Lesage, wanted the Quebec government to get more involved in Quebec’s economy and everyday life
What french term reflects the secular French-Canadian will to take back control over Quebec’s society?
Maitres chez nous
What is a Welfare State
It’s a government that intervenes socially and economically with the objective of improving the well-being of the entire population
True or False: The Lesage government opposes unions
False; Duplessis government opposed unions
What social trends occur in Quebec during the Quiet Revolution?
- A move towards secularization as the Church loses control over education and health
- Women gain greater independence and rights and are granted full legal status in 1964.
Who was the first woman elected to the Assembly?
Claire Kirkland-Casgrain
What impact do the Baby Boomers have on society?
- They set themselves apart by challenging their parents values, which gave rise to counterculture movements, such as the hippies at the end of the 1960s
- Fewer and fewer people were attending Church and the number of marriages decreased as common-law relationships and divorces increased
Why does the birthrate decrease in Quebec in the 1960s?
- Women were increasingly present in the labour market
- The use of birth control pills
- Not as much importance was placed on large families
True or False: Canada’s immigration policy ended measures that limited immigration from non-Western countries?
True
Why did most French-Canadians in Quebec believe that it was necessary to protect the French language?
- Almost all businesses in Montreal were operating in English, meaning French-Canadians had to learn English if they wanted to find work
- 90% of all immigrants in Montreal were sending their children to English schools
In what manner does Quebec begin to protect the French language?
- It creates L’Office du film du Quebec to offer financial support to French producers
- It creates L’Office de la langue française to promote the French language and culture
- Several cultural venues, such as le Grand Théâtre and Place des Arts were built
What were the main reforms of the Quiet Revolution?
▪ Hospital insurance was created
▪ Crown Corporations were created as the Quebec government intervenes in the economy: Hydro-Quebec gains the monopoly of the electricity industry. SIDBEC controls the steel industry. La Caisse de Depots is created to manage the pensions of the government employees
▪ A significant increase in the number of civil servants
▪ Increased exploitation of Quebec’s natural resources: Development of James Bay and Manicouagan hydroelectric projects
▪ Small farms were bought out by bigger more industrialized farms
What did Quebec do to attract Francophone immigrants to Quebec in the 1960s?
▪ It established relations with Francophone countries
▪ It opened Quebec offices abroad
▪ General delegations were opened in Paris, New York and London with the main role of creating close ties with other countries to promote Quebec’s economy and culture
Who created “La Grande Charte de l’éducation”?
Paul Gerin-Lajoie
What were the major components of “La Grande Charte de l’éducation”?
It made education both free and compulsory until the age of 15
What was the Parent Commission?
It was a government committee led by Mgr Parent that made multiple recommendations to improve the quality of education in Quebec
What was the impact the Parent report?
- It created a quality public education system
- It created the Department of Education in 1964
When did l’Union Nationale return to power?
1966
What happened when l’Union Nationale returned to power?
They return to power as a more modern political party first under the leadership of Daniel Johnson and then Jean-Jacques Bertrand.
It introduces CEGEPs as part of the continued educational reform and it took steps to preserve French culture by creating the Radio-Quebec television station and by passing Bill 63
What was Bill 63?
It’s the Act to Promote the French Language
What did Bill 63 allow?
It allowed parents to choose the language of instruction for their children, introduced French Second Language classes in English schools and sought to integrate immigrants into French schools
What is Economic Natoinalism?
It’s a system where the state becomes the driving force of economic development.
It created many Crown corporations to help it manage the exploitation of natural resources and keep the profits in the province
It also encouraged more Francophone entrepreneurs and investors in Quebec
What is Expo 67?
The 1967 World’s Fair in Montreal allowed Quebec to assert itself as a modern society by presenting its technological, economic and artistic abilities to the rest of the world
True or False: The creation of Major League Basketball increased Montreal’s presence on American television networks?
False: It was Major League Baseball
In what year was Montreal’s baseball team created?
1969
What was the name of Montreal’s baseball team?
Montreal Expos
In what manner did Quebec invest in the transportation infrastructure?
It completed its portion of the Trans-Canada highway that ran through the province
It spent huge sums of money to finance the building of the Montreal metro system
What was the impact growth of Quebec’s consumer society?
▪ It led to a greater demand of manufactured goods
▪ Manufacturers modernized their factories
▪ It led to a boom in the housing market and the construction industry
▪ There was a modernization of Montreal’s downtown with the construction of several new skyscrapers
What were some of the consequences of the economic modernization of Quebec?
- Production became increasingly automated
- Many small and medium-sized businesses did not survive as they couldn’t compete with larger businesses
- Many companies closed their outdated factories in old industrial neighbourhoods and built modern factories close to the highways
What allowed for the development of agglomerations (suburbs)?
The development of infrastructure such as highways
What is an urban sprawl?
The expansion of urbanization
What were the consequences of urban sprawl?
- Traffic jams multiplied
- The development of suburbs came at the cost of the surrounding farmland
- The loss of population in the old city neighborhoods was often compensated by the arrival of immigrants which led to the creation of cultural ghettos in these areas
True or False: The debt of Quebec increased forcing the government to raise taxes as a consequences of the Quiet Revolution?
True
True or False: The rise of Nationalism created no conflict in Quebec society as a consequence of the Quiet Revolution?
False
True or False: There was creation of new political parties that were pushing for Quebec’s independence as a consequence of the Quiet Revolution?
True
What political party was created by René Lévesque?
Le Parti Québécois
In what year was the Parti Québécois created?
1968
True or False: There was a rise in extremism as the Front de Liberation du Quebec (FLQ) is created to achieve independence through violence
True
What is the difference between Neo-Nationalism and Traditional Nationalism?
Traditional Nationalism emphasized Catholicism
Neo-Nationalism established that French-Canadians shared a stronger sense of belonging to the Quebec territory, which led to the population to start referring to themselves as Quebecois instead of French-Canadians
What 2 new political parties promoted Quebec independance?
Ralliement National (RN) Rassemblement pour l'independence Nationale (RIN)
Which international president encouraged the independence movement in 1967 with his famous cry?
Charles de Gaulle (France)
What was Charles de Gaulle’s famous cry?
Vive le Quebec libre
What 3 parties merged to create the Parti Québécois?
MSA (Mouvement souveraineté-association), RN, RIN
Who founded MSA and in what year?
René Lévesque
How did the Federal government react to the growing Neo-Nationalism in Quebec?
Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson formed the Laurendeau-Dunton Commission to study the state of bilingualism in Canada
Who were “The Three Wise Men”?
Jean Marchand, Gérard Pelletier and Pierre Elliott Trudeau
What was “The Three Wise Men’s” goal?
Help Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson improve relations between Anglophones and Francophones
What role does Pierre Elliott Trudeau play in Canada in the 1960s?
In the 1960s he entered
federal politics by joining the Liberal Party of Canada. He was appointed as Lester B. Pearson’s Minister of Justice
In what year did Trudeau take charge of the Liberals?
1968 - Trudeaumania
True or False: Trudeau became Prime Minister of Canada when Pearson retired?
True
What are the 3 main observations of the Laurendeau-Dunton Commission?
- Francophones did not have access to many jobs in the federal civil service
- Francophone minorities in Canada were at a disadvantage in every aspect when compared to what Anglophones were in Quebec
- It concluded that there were inequalities between Francophones and Anglophones
How does Trudeau react to the commission’s findings?
- He believed that the application of a fair bilingualism policy across Canada could correct the situation
- He implements measures to make federal institutions bilingual and to give Francophones a greater presence in federal administration
- He passes the Official Languages Act in 1969, making English and French the two official languages of Canada
What was the “omnibus bill”?
Decriminalizes homosexuality in Canada and grants legal protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation
Who created the “omnibus bill” and in what year?
Trudeau- 1969
What is another name for the “omnibus bill”?
Bill C-150
What was the purpose of the “White Paper”?
The Canadian government wanted to abolish the Indian Act, making Indigenous people citizens on the same basis as other Canadians without any special rights.
Indigenous people opposed this, believing that it would threaten their ancestral rights and their land claims.
Ultimately, the Federal government dropped this proposal
True or False: Lester B. Pearson passed the Official Languages Act?
False: it was Trudeau
True or False: 90% of immigrants in Montreal were sending their kids to French schools?
False: they were sending them to English schools
True or False: The Parent Commission made multiple recommendations to improve the quality of education in Quebec?
True
True or False: Bill 63 is the Act to Promote the French Language?
True
