Canada during the Great Depression and WWII Flashcards
What is Mass Culture?
Ideas and values that develop from a common exposure to the same media, music, sports
Mtl Canadiens- 1920s
In what manner did they become significant ?
- French-Canadian players on their team= gave the fans a sense of identity
When were the Mtl Canadiens founded?
1909
What happened after the Habs 1924 Stanley Cup win
They really became the team of the French
Which city was the first in the world to open a radio station and when?
Montreal, 1919
What is CKAC?
1922- 1st Francophone radio station in the world
What is Prohibition
Ban of alcohol manufacturing and sale
Where was the only place in North America not to ban alcohol sale?
Quebec
What did the “Commission des liqueurs de Quebec” do? (2 things)
- oversee and monitor the quality of the wines and liquors sold
- issue permits to hotels and restaurants that wished to sell alcohol
How did Prohibition affect Mtl nightlife?
Prohibition in the USA prompted jazz musicians to come and perform in Montreal’s nightclubs.
Nickname for Little Burgundy
“Harlem of the North”
after New York City’s famous jazz club neighborhood
Who was Rufus Rockhead?
- He was a jazz club owner who drew some of the biggest jazz names to Montreal between 1930 and 1950.
- He opened Rockhead’s Paradise, a jazz club which helped establish Montreal’s reputation as “Harlem of the North”.
- Even though African Canadians were unable to get liquor licenses, Rockhead used what sway he had among friends to help him get the license
What/When was the Great Depression?
1929-1939
- economic crisis
What was the worldwide unemployment rate during the Great Depression?
35%
What event triggered the Great Depression?
New York Stock Exchange crash on October 24, 1929.
Black Thursday
Consequences of the Great Depression on Canada ? (4)
- companies went bankrupt (workers lost their jobs)
- demand for goods dropped
- unemployment rate= 40%
- Canadian exports dropped by half from 1929-1933
How did the Great Depression impact Canadians daily lives?
- Factory workers faced unemployment and reduced wages
- Numerous families were evicted from their homes
- Marriages were delayed and fewer children were born
- The poor ate at soup kitchens and slept in shelters
- People hopped on trains and roamed the country looking for work
What impact did the Great Depression have on the Prairies? (think of Alberta and Manitoba)
- The problems on the Prairies were made worse by years of droughts which caused crop failures. Over 66% of Saskatchewan’s rural population was forced into Direct Relief programs. - Alberta and Manitoba went bankrupt
What was the Dust Bowl? What was another name for it?
- Dirty Thirties,
- a period of severe dust storms that damaged the Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought caused this problem
Who was Bennett? What did he do?
- Prime Minister of Canada (during Great Depression)
- New Deal: plan to end the Great Depression
1934: creates the Bank of Canada to regulate economy
What solutions did the government come up with to combat the
Depression?
- Public Works projects where manual labour was used to build roads, dig drainage ditches and build parks
- Work Camps took in single unemployed men
- Direct Aid was given to the poorest in the form of coupons which could be exchanged for food and clothing
- Back to Land policies (Quebec government sent families to colonize Abitibi, Gaspesie and Cote-Nord)
What 2 ideologies was neo-liberalism founded on?
- Socialism
- Capitalism
What new political parties (3) emerged in Canada after the Great Depression?
- CCF,
- New Democratic Party
- Union Nationale
When were health and unemployment insurance were created in Canada?
after the Great Depression
What are Socialism and Communism?
Ideas promoted by unions and intellectuals during the 1930s. They believed wealth should be shared by all.
They were against capitalism
What was L’Union Nationale?
It was a Quebec political party that was created during the Great Depression
It pushed for conservative and traditional values
In what year did l’Union Nationale win its first election?
1936
Who was Maurice Duplessis?
- He was the leader of L’Union Nationale and Premier of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and then from 1944 to 1959
- Conservative, and for traditional values, Duplessis defended the French-Canadian identity within Canada. He also established close ties with the Catholic Church
What was the Padlock Law
It was meant to protect Quebec against the influence of Communism
What is Clerico-Nationalism?
French-Canadians who believed that a rural way of would safeguard their culture
What were the main themes of Clerico-Nationalism? (4)
- The family
- Catholicism
- a rural way of life
- the French language
Who was the leading spokesperson of the Clerico-nationalists
Lionel Groulx
What is “Le roman du terroir”?
- They were French Canadian novels that featured conservative and traditional nationalism
- They emphasized the importance of maintaining Catholicism and the French language
- They presented a somber view of the urban world while celebrating rural life
What was the Statute of Westminster of 1931?
It finally gave Canada control of its foreign affairs and right to sign trade agreements with foreign nations
What was the War Measures Act?
It was a law passed during World War 2 that gave the Canadian government strong powers, such as: Control of all income and corporate taxes and the right to issue family allowances
Which Prime Minister promised no Conscription?
William Lyon Mackenzie King
What was the women’s role during WW2?
Replaced men in the factories
How did the Federal government interfere in Provincial jurisdictions during World War 2?
- income tax law
- unemployment insurance
- family allowance program
What was the Dieppe Raid?
It was an Allied attack on the German-held French port of Dieppe in 1942. The attack, involving mostly Canadian troops, resulted in catastrophic failure as 60% of the troops were either killed or captured. The failed raid proved to the Allies that a large invasion force would be needed to liberate France from the Nazis
What resulted from World War 2 for Quebec?
- European immigration, mostly from Italy, Greece, Poland and Hungary
- Agricultural changes as rural areas in Quebec became mechanized and electricity finally reached all rural areas
- The Baby Boom: birth of 2 million babies between 1945 and 1960
True or False: Rufus Rockhead created the Bank of Canada to regulate the economy?
False- it was Prime Minister Bennett
True or False: Lionel Groulx’s ideologies were similar to Maurice Duplessis?
True- French Canadian nationalism
True or False: Henri Bourassa’s ideologies were similar to Duplessis and Groulx?
False- Henri Bourassa believed French Canadians and English Canadians formed one nation, whereas Duplessis and Groulx believed more in French Canadian nationalism
True or False: Maurice Duplessis promised not to have Conscription?
False- it was William Lyon Mackenzie King
True or False: The Quebec conference was held in 1943 between Roosevelt, Churchill and Rockhead?
False: it was Mackenzie King, not Rockhead
True or False: the Baby Boom happened between 1919-1924?
False- it was between 1945-1960 (after WWII)
True or False: The Padlock Law was meant to protect Quebec against the influence of communism?
True
True or False: Family, Protestant religion, city life and the French language were the main themes of Clerico-Nationalism?
False: family, Catholicism, rural way of life and the French language were the main themes of Clerico-Nationalism
True or False: During the Great Depression, marriages were encouraged?
False- Marriages were delayed and fewer children were born
True or False: Black Thursday was the area in Montreal known for its jazz clubs?
False- “Harlem of North” was the area in Mtl (Little Burgundy) that became well known for its jazz culture.
Black Thursday was the night of the New York Stock Exchange Crash ( Oct. 24, 1929)
When did the New York Stock Exchange crash?
October 24, 1929
Name 2 political parties that were created due to the Great Depression in Canada
- New Democratic Party
- Union Nationale
Who created the Bank of Canada and when?
Prime Minister Bennett in 1934
What are Work Camps?
Solution from the government to combat the Depression- took in single unemployed men
What is Direct Aid?
Solution from the government to combat the Depression- was given to the poorest in the form of coupons which could be exchanged for food and clothing
What are Public Works projects?
Solution from the government to combat the Depression- manual labour was used to build roads, dig drainage ditches and build parks
What is Back to Land policies?
Solution from the government to combat the Depression- the Quebec government sent families to colonize Abitibi, Gaspesie and Cote-Nord
What 2 ideologies turned Canada into a neo-liberalist country?
- Socialism
- Capitalism
4 ideas of Clerico-Nationalism
- Family
- Catholicism
- French language
- Rural way of life
True or False: The Dieppe Raid was an attack in WWI?
False- WWII: Allied attack on the German-held French port of Dieppe in 1942
When was the Baby Boom?
1945-1960
