The Pulmonary System: Congenital Disease

Question 1

Embryonic Lung Development is __-__ weeks

Answer 1

0-7 weeks

Question 2

Respiratory diverticulum forms on the ______ of the ____ on day 26 of fetal development; potential for ___ formation between respiratory and GI tract

Answer 2

ventral part of the digestive tract; fistula

Question 3

Respiratory diverticulum becomes the ____ and ___; vascular connections develop simultaneously

Answer 3

trachea and two lateral pockets (lung buds)

Question 4

Fetal stage (7-40 weeks): Pseudoglandular stage (7-17 weeks)- ____ and ____ of pulmonary structures

Answer 4

growth and branching

Question 5

canalicular stage (17-27 weeks): terminal bronchioles give rise to the ____ and ____;

Answer 5

canaliculi and acini

Question 6

Saccular alveolar stage (27-40 weeks): formation of ____ separated by primary septa

Answer 6

alveolar sacs

Question 7

Postnatal (birth until 2 years of age): ______ continues until approximately 2 years of age; maturation of _____, lung tissue expansion

Answer 7

alveolar development ; chest wall structure

Question 8

Pulmonary Hypoplasia

Answer 8

reduced lung weight and volume for gestational age

Question 9

Most common causes of pulmonary Hypoplasia are related to insufficient breathing of amniotic fluid production:

1. insufficient amniotic fluid produced (____)
2. amniotic fluid loss (________)
3. impaired fetal respiratory movements (__________)

Answer 9

1. oligohydramnios
2. premature rupture of fetal membranes
3. fetal diaphragmatic hernia

Question 10

Congenital Lobar Overinflation

Answer 10

developmental anomaly of the lower respiratory tract characterized by hyperinflation of one or more pulmonary lobes

Question 11

congenital lobar overinflation is usually due to obstruction forming a ______, allows _____ and air trapping. May cause ____ shift and compression

Answer 11

one way valve, allows amniotic fluid;

mediastinal shift

Question 12

Pulmonary Sequestration: defined as an aberrant _____

Answer 12

lung tissue that has no connection with the bronchial tree or with the pulmonary arteries

Question 13

In Pulmonary Sequestration, arterial blood supply arises from the _____;
characterized as ___ or ___ lobar

Answer 13

systemic; intralobar or extralobar

Question 14

Vascular abnormalities (AVM) is an abnormal connections between ____ and ___ without intervening capillary bed. Pulmonary AVM are rare but occur more frequently in individuals with ________-

Answer 14

arteries and veins; hereditary hemorrhagic telaniectasia

Question 15

Foregut Cysts are _________

Answer 15

abnormal detachment of primitive foregut during embryogenesis, forming a cystic structure located in the hilar or mid-mediastinal region

Question 16

Foregut Cysts are present with symptoms of a mass effect (____) or secondary infection ( frequent ____, incomplete resolution)

Answer 16

compression; frequent infection