The Proteobacteria Flashcards
Proteobacteria
Most diverse and common group of bacteria we care about, also most culturable
Alphaproteobacteria
Most primitive forms that we know of (hence alpha)
Living with a plant
Small
Includes purple non-sulfur bacteria
ppspns
Rickettsia/Coxiella
Small
No flagella
Parasitic or mutualistic
Do not use glucose
Caulobacteraceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae
Prostheca - extension of cell, including plasma membrane, that is narrower than mature cell
Stalk - nonliving appendage produced by cell and extending from it
Hyphomicrobium
Prosthecate, budding
Dominant in nutrient poor waters
Caulobacter
May be polarly flagellated rods or may posses prostheca and holdfast
Family Rhizobiaceae
Rhizobium
Kings of nodulization
Talk and communicate with a plant to create a house for them
Plants send out photochemicals that calls attention for these organisms
Legumes are produced where the rhizobium lives to fix nitrogen
Agrobacterium
Hardcore parasites
Fixes nitrogen and tricks you to give nutrients but keeps on nitrogen
Induces crown gall disease
Uses insect vectors
Nitrifying bacteria
4 lineages do this Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria 8 genes that allow nitrogen fixation Most likely a virus that passed on the information Really small Soil/marine habitats
Nitrification
Conversion of ammonia to nitrate
Expensive, requires a lot of complex chemistry
Easily used by plants/symbiosis to avoid toxicity
Betaproteobacteria
Found within us
Aerobic, could also be chemolitotrophs
Genus Neisseria
Kings of STD
Potent pathogen
Elaborate capsule system - antibiotics have no effects
Have fimbriae to attach to intestinal lining
Slow growing (disadvantage for antibiotics)
Order Burkholderiales
From mutualistic to parasitic (plants)
Burkholderia
Get onto plant tissue then into them
Stomata (achilles heel)
Most diverse group of degrading organic residues
Sphaerotilus and Leptothrix
Has a sheath
Might attract magnesium and iron oxides
Gammaproteobacteria
Most diverse abundant group (want to live in us and on us)
Purple sulfur bacteria
Chromatiaceae
Lots of sulfur granules
Good at very saline conditions
Pseudomonadales
Flagellated forms, used to get inside and move around in plants
Reproduce quickly
Metabolically flexible
Mineralization
Microbial breakdown of organic materials to inorganic substrates
Vibrionales
Significant source of pathogens
Vibrio cholerae
Causes cholera
Must have 2 chromosomes
Good at environmental sensing
Vibrio fischeri
Most common bioluminescent lineage
Causes deep sea fish to glow
Luciferase
Enzyme that catalyzes emission of light in Vibrio fischeri
Enterobacteriales
Enteric bacteria - pathogenic
