Microbial genomics Flashcards
What is genomics?
Analysis of an entire genome and information content.
What are the three types of genomics? Elaborate
Structural
Functional
Comparative
What is Sanger sequencing?
Uses ddNTP as a substrate by DNA Pol and terminates DNA synthesis
What are automated methods?
Uses dNTPs with fluorescent dyes that are run through a machine that produces a chromatograph that is interpreted by a computer
What is whole-genome shotgun sequencing and who discovered it?
Venter and Smith
Takes a genome and fragments it into multiple pieces then the amplified pieces are run through a machine that aligns the sequences through a computer
What is annotation?
Process that locates genes in the genome map
What is a reading frame in annotation?
More than a 100 codons that are not interrupted by a stop codon
What is bioinformatics?
Field concerned with management and analysis of biological data
What is c-value and c-value paradox?
C-value is the amount of genetic information the organism contains. C-value paradox means that the amount of genetic information does not necessarily correspond to organisms complexity.
What are some interesting findings about genes?
There are very tiny genome sizes (Mycoplasma genitalium); many genes have unknown functions; can help distinguish evolutionary relationships.
Deinocci sp.
Radiation resistant bacteria
Have large number of DNA repair genes
Rickettsia prowazekii
Typhus fever
Obligate cellular parasite
Endosymbiosis-bacteria
Chlamydiae spp.
Lack gene required for cell division
At least 20 genes obtained from eukaryotic hosts
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae
Tuberculosis - large genome
Leprosy - small genome
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Virulence genes
Inherited via genetic packages (islets)
Genetic information passed from organism to organism
