Bacteria

Question 1

Phylum Aquificae

Answer 1

Oldest branch of bacteria
Reduced metabolism
Aquifex

Question 2

Phylum Thermotogae

Answer 2

Second oldest
Extremophiles
Have toga like structures that could come out of their cell walls

Thermotoga
25% genes identical to Archaea

Question 3

Dienococcus

Answer 3

Deinococci
Capacity to reassemble its genome
Thrives in high levels of radiation
Within 12-24hrs can ligate DNA back together after radiation

Question 4

Photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 4

Cyanobacteria

Anoxygenic

Question 5

Cyanobacteria

Answer 5

Do everything a chloroplast does

Question 6

Anoxygenic

Answer 6

Not liberating oxygen; everything outside of cyanobacteria
Can live in aerobic environment, sulfur bacteria can only live in anaerobic
Not nearly as efficacious as oxygenic

Question 7

Taxonomy of photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 7

Phylum Chloroflexi
Chlorobi
Cyanobacteria
Proteobacteria
Firmicutes

Question 8

Chloroflexi

Answer 8

Green nonsulfur bacteria
Ubiquitous
Grow in form of mats
Photosynthetic several meters below the surface
Anoxygenic photosynthesis- can become a chemoheterotroph in aerobic conditions
Likes to form associations with other creatures

Question 9

Chlorobi

Answer 9

Green sulfur bacteria
Elaborate gas vesicles
Have chlorosomes (photosystems involved in plasma membranes)

Question 10

Chlorosomes

Answer 10

Photosystems involved in plasma membranes in Chlorobi

Question 11

Cyanobacteria

Answer 11

Blue green algae
Kings of photosynthetic bacteria, most ancient
Multicellularity
Never flagellated

Question 12

Types of cells in Cyanobacteria

Answer 12

Vegetative - flattened/coccoid (normal)
Heterocytes - nitrogen fixation; strictly anaerobic
Polar nodules that allow them to move fixed nitrogen to other cells

Question 13

Akinetes

Answer 13

Similar to spores; allow survival during stressful conditions

Question 14

Baeocytes aka endospores

Answer 14

Spores formed by internal division of vegetative cells

Question 15

Exospores

Answer 15

Spores cut off from one end of the parental cell

Question 16

Ecology of Cyanobacteria

Answer 16

Extremophiles
Harmful algal blooms
Symbiotic relationship (lichen)

Question 17

Phylum Plantomycetes

Answer 17

Budding bacteria
Sessile
Stalk and holdfast

Question 18

Phylum Chlamydiae

Answer 18

Have up photosynthesis to become a parasite

Question 19

Genus Chlamydia

Answer 19

Nonmotile
Cell walls lack muramic acid and peptidoglycan
Small genomes
Obligate intracellular parasites
Steal ATP from host
Lysosome brings in chlamydia but fails to kill them due to waxy cuticle

Question 20

Phylum Spyrochaetes

Answer 20

Produces axial filament to help drill
Anaerobic, aerobic, facultative
Kings of chemoheterotrophy
Precursors to undulapodia

Question 21

Phylum Bacteroidetes

Answer 21

Organisms with rich community of these are much more efficacious at breaking down compounds
Can cause diseases sometimes (can digest humans, can cause ulcers)

Question 22

Gliding motility of bacteria

Answer 22

Ability to form sheath then slide
Once they attach hard to get rid of
No one knows how they do it