Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Phylum Aquificae

A

Oldest branch of bacteria
Reduced metabolism
Aquifex

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2
Q

Phylum Thermotogae

A

Second oldest
Extremophiles
Have toga like structures that could come out of their cell walls

Thermotoga
25% genes identical to Archaea

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3
Q

Dienococcus

A

Deinococci
Capacity to reassemble its genome
Thrives in high levels of radiation
Within 12-24hrs can ligate DNA back together after radiation

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4
Q

Photosynthetic bacteria

A

Cyanobacteria

Anoxygenic

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5
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Do everything a chloroplast does

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6
Q

Anoxygenic

A

Not liberating oxygen; everything outside of cyanobacteria
Can live in aerobic environment, sulfur bacteria can only live in anaerobic
Not nearly as efficacious as oxygenic

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7
Q

Taxonomy of photosynthetic bacteria

A
Phylum Chloroflexi
Chlorobi
Cyanobacteria
Proteobacteria
Firmicutes
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8
Q

Chloroflexi

A

Green nonsulfur bacteria
Ubiquitous
Grow in form of mats
Photosynthetic several meters below the surface
Anoxygenic photosynthesis- can become a chemoheterotroph in aerobic conditions
Likes to form associations with other creatures

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9
Q

Chlorobi

A

Green sulfur bacteria
Elaborate gas vesicles
Have chlorosomes (photosystems involved in plasma membranes)

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10
Q

Chlorosomes

A

Photosystems involved in plasma membranes in Chlorobi

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11
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Blue green algae
Kings of photosynthetic bacteria, most ancient
Multicellularity
Never flagellated

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12
Q

Types of cells in Cyanobacteria

A

Vegetative - flattened/coccoid (normal)
Heterocytes - nitrogen fixation; strictly anaerobic
Polar nodules that allow them to move fixed nitrogen to other cells

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13
Q

Akinetes

A

Similar to spores; allow survival during stressful conditions

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14
Q

Baeocytes aka endospores

A

Spores formed by internal division of vegetative cells

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15
Q

Exospores

A

Spores cut off from one end of the parental cell

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16
Q

Ecology of Cyanobacteria

A

Extremophiles
Harmful algal blooms
Symbiotic relationship (lichen)

17
Q

Phylum Plantomycetes

A

Budding bacteria
Sessile
Stalk and holdfast

18
Q

Phylum Chlamydiae

A

Have up photosynthesis to become a parasite

19
Q

Genus Chlamydia

A

Nonmotile
Cell walls lack muramic acid and peptidoglycan
Small genomes
Obligate intracellular parasites
Steal ATP from host
Lysosome brings in chlamydia but fails to kill them due to waxy cuticle

20
Q

Phylum Spyrochaetes

A

Produces axial filament to help drill
Anaerobic, aerobic, facultative
Kings of chemoheterotrophy
Precursors to undulapodia

21
Q

Phylum Bacteroidetes

A

Organisms with rich community of these are much more efficacious at breaking down compounds
Can cause diseases sometimes (can digest humans, can cause ulcers)

22
Q

Gliding motility of bacteria

A

Ability to form sheath then slide
Once they attach hard to get rid of
No one knows how they do it