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Microbial Biology > The Archaea > Flashcards

The Archaea Flashcards

1
Q

Archeal cell walls

A

Can stain gram positive or gram negative.
Positive - thick homogeneous layer
Negative - surface layer of protein/glycoprotein

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2
Q

Difference from bacteria in cell walls

A 
Lack muramic acid
Lack D-amino acids
Resistant to antibiotics
Contain pseudomurein
Don’t make anybody sick
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3
Q

Plasma membranes in archaea

A

Creates a lipid monolayer
Fuses two tails
Transmembrane proteins

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4
Q

Genetics in archaea

A 
no nuclei
One chromosome per cell
Closed circular double stranded DNA
Smaller than bacterial chromosomes
Some have histones
DNA replication similar to eucaryotes
Can take up plasmids, but it’s difficult
Polygenic mRNA
bacterial promoters
Unique tRNA
Smaller ribosomes (70S), different shape
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5
Q

Metabolism of archaea

A

Little is known because we can’t get them to grow
Capable of fixing nitrogen
Organotrophy, Autotrophy, Phototrophy

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6
Q

Three lineages of archaea - define

A

Extreme halophiles - salty conditions
Thermophiles - high temperatures
Methanogens - love methane

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7
Q

Archaeal taxonomy

A

Eucaryarcheaota

Crenarchaeota

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8
Q

Euryarchaeota Phylum

A 
Methanogens
Halobacteria
Thermoplasms
Extremely thermophilic metabolizers
Sulfate-reducers
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9
Q

Methanogens

A

Found in anaerobic environments rich in organic matter
Can oxidize iron
Producers of methane

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10
Q

Halobacteria

A

Extreme halophiles
Aerobic, respiratory, chemoheterotrophs with complex nutritional requirements
Unique form of photosynthesis

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11
Q

Halobacterium salinarium

A 
Uses bacteriorhodopsin instead of chlorophyll
Modified cell membrane
Contains bacteriorhodopsin (ETC)
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12
Q

Thermoplasms

A

Interesting: lack cell walls (contain diglycerides and glycoproteins which are still flexible and stop thing from diffusing)

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13
Q

Picrophilus

A 
Large cytoplasmic cavities that are not membrane bound
No cell wall
S-layer outside plasma membrane
Thermoacidophiles
Aerobic

*hybrid bacterial archaeal organism

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14
Q

Extremely Thermophilic Metabolizers

A

Motile by flagella
Strictly anaerobic
Reduce sulfur to sulfide

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15
Q

Sulfate-Reducing Archaea

A

Hypothesis that life came from hydrothermal vents

Use sulfate as electron acceptor

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16
Q

Phylum Chrenarchaeota

A 
Extremely thermophilic
Acidophiles
Sulfur-dependent
Anaerobes
Organotrophs and lithotrophs (sulfur-oxidizing and hydrogen-oxidizing)
Genera: Sulfobus and Thermoproteus
17
Q

Genus Sulfolobus

A

Cell walls capable of bending

18
Q

Genus Thermoproteus

A

One of the only organisms that can be autotrophic using CO2 and CO

Microbial Biology (6 decks)

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