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BotLab > The Plant Cell Division > Flashcards

The Plant Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q
  • Important aspect of plant growth
  • Precedes cell enlargement and cell differentiation
A

Cell Division

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2
Q

Process by which cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei

A

Mitosis

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3
Q

A single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of information

A

Meiosis

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4
Q
  • Daily living or metabolic phase of the cell
  • Cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, replicates its DNA in preparation of mitosis, and conducts other “normal” cell functions
A

Interphase

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5
Q

Period before synthesis of DNA (Interphase)

A

G1 Phase

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6
Q

DNA synthesis takes place (Interphase)

A

S Phase

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7
Q

Between end of DNA synthesis and beginning of prophase (Interphase)

A

G2 Phase

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8
Q
  • Marked by the condensation of genetic material to form compact mitotic chromosomes composed of two chromatids attached at the centromere
  • Nuclear envelope starts disintegrating
A

Prophase

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9
Q

Microtubules start pulling chromosomes with equal force and will end up in the middle

A

Metaphase

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10
Q

Microtubules extend from centromere to chromosome; will attach to kinetochores that will allow cell to move chromosome around

A

Prometaphase

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11
Q

Region or imaginary line that is equidistant from two poles that would ensure each cell gets a functioning genome

A

Metaphase Plate

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12
Q
  • Splitting of the sister chromatids marks the onset of this phase
  • Chromosomes are pulled towards the pole by the fibres attached to the kinetochores of each chromosome
A

Anaphase

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13
Q
  • Chromosomes that cluster at the two poles start coalescing into an undifferentiated mass as the nuclear envelope forms around it
  • The nucleolus, Golgi bodies and ER complex, which had disappeared after prophase start to reappear
A

Telophase

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14
Q
  • Denotes the division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.
  • Marks the completion of cell division
A

Cytokinesis

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15
Q

DNA in cell is copied resulting in two identical full sets of chromosomes (Meiosis)

A

Interphase

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16
Q
  • Chromosome condense into X-shaped structures
  • The membrane around the nucleus in the cell dissolves away, releasing the chromosomes
  • The meiotic spindle, consisting of microtubules and other proteins, extends across the cell between the centrioles (Meiosis)
A

Prophase I

17
Q
  • Chromosome pairs line up next to each other along the center (equator) of the cell
  • Centrioles are now at opposites poles of the cell with the meiotic spindles extending from them
  • Meiotic spindle fibres attach to one chromosome of each pair
    (Meiosis)
A

Metaphase I

18
Q

The pairs of chromosomes may exchange bits of DNA in a process called

A

Recombination or Crossing Over

19
Q

Pair of chromosomes are then pulled apart by the meiotic spindle (Meiosis)

A

Anaphase I

20
Q
  • At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather together
  • A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei
    (Meiosis)
A

Telophase I / Telophase II

21
Q

The single cell then pinches in the middle to form two separate daughter cells each containing a full set of chromosomes within a nucleus

A

Cytokinesis

22
Q
  • Now there are two daughter cells, each with 23 chromosomes (23 pairs of chromatids)
  • In each of the two daughter cells the chromosomes condense again into visible X-shaped structures
    (Meiosis)
A

Prophase II

23
Q
  • In each of the two daughter cells the chromosomes (pair of sister chromatids) line up end-to-end along the equator of the cell
  • The centrioles are now at opposites poles in each of the daughter cells
  • Meiotic spindle fibres at each pole of the cell attach to each of the sister chromatids
A

Metaphase II

24
Q
  • Sister chromatids are then pulled to opposite poles
  • Separated chromatids are now individual chromosomes
    (Meiosis)
A

Anaphase II

25
Q

There are four granddaughter cells, each with half a set of chromosomes (haploid)

A

2nd Cytokinesis

26
Q

Gametes of Male

A

Sperm Cells

27
Q

Gametes of Female

A

Egg Cells

BotLab (5 decks)

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