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BotLab > The Plant Cell > Flashcards

The Plant Cell Flashcards

1
Q

The plant’s main stem or the complex network of various structures like branches, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits attached to the main stem

A

Shoot

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2
Q

What direction does a shoot or shoot system grow?

A

Upwards

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3
Q

What functions does the shoot system perform?

A

Photosynthesis, reproduction, transport, hormone production, etc.

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4
Q

Functions as a skeleton by constituting a major part of the shoot system

A

Stem

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5
Q

Main stem originates through the direct prolongation of _____ and gives rise to lateral stems, leafy appendages, and buds, etc.

A

Embryo’s Tigellum

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6
Q

Flattened structures that hit the node of the main stem and the region in the middle of two nodes or internode

A

Leaves

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7
Q

Commonly refers to a lateral bud or lateral meristem attached to the leaf axil

A

Axillary Bud

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8
Q

Type of axillary bud that promotes growth of vegetative branch

A

Type-I or Vegetative kind

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9
Q

Type of axillary bud that gives rise to flowers from the rudimentary reproductive tissues

A

Type-II or Floral kind

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10
Q
  • Commonly refers to a terminal bud or terminal meristem found at the plant shoot’s apex
  • Appears small, compact, and contains meristematic tissues
A

Apical Bud

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11
Q

Constitutes the reproductive part of the shoot system

A

Flower

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12
Q

Includes calyx and corolla that attract pollinators

A

Accessory Organs

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13
Q

Includes androecium and gynoecium that encourages the growth and fertilization of flower

A

Reproductive Organs

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14
Q

Reproductive structure that indicates the maturity of the plant

A

Fruit

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15
Q

The seed leaves or true leaves that germinate after the fertilization

A

Cotyledons

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16
Q

Important underground part of all vascular plants

A

Root System

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17
Q

Growth of root system depends upon the …

A
  • soil composition
  • soil type
  • type of plant species
  • growth conditions
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18
Q

What does a seed first develop

A

Radicle or Primary Root

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19
Q
  • Consisting of lateral branched roots with fine rootlets
  • Examples: carrots, turnips
A

Taproot System

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20
Q
  • Appears as a large and equal-sized root, which originates from the base of the stem by replacing a primary root
  • Possess a bushy appearance and consist of thin root fibres
  • Examples: wheat, rice, maize, grass, etc.
A

Fibrous Root System

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21
Q
  • Massive root growth occurs from any part of the plant body other than the primary root
  • Example: banyan, monstera
A

Adventitious Root System

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22
Q

Characteristics of Root System

A
  • Roots are mostly subterranean to the plant axis
  • Root system is: (i) positively geotropic, (ii) negatively geotropic, and (iii) positively hydrotropic
  • Root comprises unicellular structures or root hairs that absorb water from soil
  • Cuticle or waxy coating that surrounds the leaf epidermis is absent in the root system
  • The root system lacks chlorophyll and stomata
  • Unlike stems, it does not have nodes and internodes
  • Sometimes, a root undergoes structural modification to perform functions like storage, respiration, physical support, etc.
23
Q
  • Found at the tip of the root system and has a thimble-like appearance
  • Secretes mucilage that acts a lubricating agent that protects the root system against dryness
    (Part of Root System)
A

Root Cap

24
Q

Contains cells of small size, thin-walled, protoplasm which undergo repeated cell division (Part of Root System)

A

Root Meristem; ZONE OF MERISTEMATIC ACTIVITY

25
Q

Cells enlarge rapidly, extends root length (Part of Root System)

A

Root Meristem; ZONE OF ELONGATION

26
Q
  • Performs a functional role in water and mineral absorption of the soil (Part of Root System)
A

Root Hairs

27
Q

Functions of Root System

A
  • Anchorage and Physical support
  • Absorption and Conduction
  • Food Storage
  • Role in Photosynthesis
  • Ecological functions
28
Q
  • Outermost part of a plant cell
  • Provides support to the cell
  • Helps prevent osmotic lysis
A

Cell Wall

29
Q
  • Encloses the cytoplasm
  • Typically defines the boundary of a cell
  • Consists of water-soluble substances like nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates
A

Plasma Membrane

30
Q
  • Consists of cytosol; the fluid inside the cytoplasm
  • Gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of the cell
  • Composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules
  • Some intracellular organelles such as the nucleus and the mitochondria are enclosed in it
A

Cytoplasm

31
Q

Contains the cell genetic information

A

Nucleus

32
Q

Produces ribosomal RNA

A

Nucleolus

33
Q

Appear as dark spots in each nucleus

A

Nucleoli

34
Q
  • Storage cells
  • Membrane-bound structure and that contains fluids and dissolved substances like cell sap
A

Vacuole

35
Q
  • A type of plastid
  • Responsible for photosynthesis
  • Ovoid or egg-shaped organelle surrounded by two membranes
A

Chloroplast

36
Q

Green pigment responsible for absorbing during photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll

37
Q

Formed by a third set of membrane (Chloroplast)

A

Grana

38
Q

Contains the chlorophyll (Chloroplast)

A

Thylakoid

39
Q

Where do chloroplasts move around in the cell?

A

Periphery of Cell

40
Q

Rapid movement of organelles and other cellular components throughout the cell

A

Cytoplasmic Streaming

41
Q

Non-living protoplasmic contents of plant cells

A

Ergastic Bodies

42
Q

Reserve Food (Ergastic Bodies)

A

Starch, Lipids, Protein

43
Q

Waste Material (Ergastic Bodies)

A

Calcium Oxalate, Calcium Carbonate

44
Q

Other secretory products (Ergastic Bodies)

A

Resin, Volatile Oil Cells

45
Q
  • Isodiametric/polyhedral in shape
  • Primary cell wall
  • Retain ability for future cell division
  • Contain a nucleus
  • Densely cytoplasmic
  • Several vacuoles
  • Store food reserves
A

Parenchyma Cells

46
Q
  • Primary walls that are usually thickened especially at corners or edges
  • Thickening takes place in the middle lamella
  • Supports the stem or leaf
A

Collenchyma Cells

47
Q
  • Thickened lignified walls
  • Strong and waterproof
  • Support types and conducting forms
A

Sclrenchyma Cells

48
Q
  • Stone cells
  • Spherical, oval, or cylindrical
    (Sclerenchyma Cells)
A

Sclereids

49
Q

Elongated cells in stems, roots, and vascular bundles (Sclerenchyma Cells)

A

Fibers

50
Q

A cut at 90 degrees of long axis

A

Cross or Transverse

51
Q

A cut parallel to the long axis

A

Longitudinal

52
Q

Epidermal or paradermal cut parallel to long axis but few-cell thick from the epidermis

A

Surface Sections

53
Q

Points to the terminal ends or apices of a plant part

A

Long Axis

BotLab (5 decks)

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