The Plant Cell Flashcards
The plant’s main stem or the complex network of various structures like branches, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits attached to the main stem
Shoot
What direction does a shoot or shoot system grow?
Upwards
What functions does the shoot system perform?
Photosynthesis, reproduction, transport, hormone production, etc.
Functions as a skeleton by constituting a major part of the shoot system
Stem
Main stem originates through the direct prolongation of _____ and gives rise to lateral stems, leafy appendages, and buds, etc.
Embryo’s Tigellum
Flattened structures that hit the node of the main stem and the region in the middle of two nodes or internode
Leaves
Commonly refers to a lateral bud or lateral meristem attached to the leaf axil
Axillary Bud
Type of axillary bud that promotes growth of vegetative branch
Type-I or Vegetative kind
Type of axillary bud that gives rise to flowers from the rudimentary reproductive tissues
Type-II or Floral kind
- Commonly refers to a terminal bud or terminal meristem found at the plant shoot’s apex
- Appears small, compact, and contains meristematic tissues
Apical Bud
Constitutes the reproductive part of the shoot system
Flower
Includes calyx and corolla that attract pollinators
Accessory Organs
Includes androecium and gynoecium that encourages the growth and fertilization of flower
Reproductive Organs
Reproductive structure that indicates the maturity of the plant
Fruit
The seed leaves or true leaves that germinate after the fertilization
Cotyledons
Important underground part of all vascular plants
Root System
Growth of root system depends upon the …
- soil composition
- soil type
- type of plant species
- growth conditions
What does a seed first develop
Radicle or Primary Root
- Consisting of lateral branched roots with fine rootlets
- Examples: carrots, turnips
Taproot System
- Appears as a large and equal-sized root, which originates from the base of the stem by replacing a primary root
- Possess a bushy appearance and consist of thin root fibres
- Examples: wheat, rice, maize, grass, etc.
Fibrous Root System
- Massive root growth occurs from any part of the plant body other than the primary root
- Example: banyan, monstera
Adventitious Root System
Characteristics of Root System
- Roots are mostly subterranean to the plant axis
- Root system is: (i) positively geotropic, (ii) negatively geotropic, and (iii) positively hydrotropic
- Root comprises unicellular structures or root hairs that absorb water from soil
- Cuticle or waxy coating that surrounds the leaf epidermis is absent in the root system
- The root system lacks chlorophyll and stomata
- Unlike stems, it does not have nodes and internodes
- Sometimes, a root undergoes structural modification to perform functions like storage, respiration, physical support, etc.
- Found at the tip of the root system and has a thimble-like appearance
- Secretes mucilage that acts a lubricating agent that protects the root system against dryness
(Part of Root System)
Root Cap
Contains cells of small size, thin-walled, protoplasm which undergo repeated cell division (Part of Root System)
Root Meristem; ZONE OF MERISTEMATIC ACTIVITY
