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Reproductive System > The Placenta > Flashcards

The Placenta Flashcards

0
Q

What invades the uterine wall?

A

Syncitiotrophoblast

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1
Q

When does the blastocyst enter the uterine cavity?

A

Day 4/5

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2
Q

When is the blastocyst fully embedded within the endometrium?

A

Day 10

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3
Q

“Implantation is interstitial” explain this.

A

Uterine epithelium is breached and conceptus implants within stroma

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4
Q

Why does placental membrane become progressively thinner?

A

Fetal needs have increased

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5
Q

What happens to placental membrane as fetal needs increase?

A

Become progressively thinner

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6
Q

Define haemomonochorial

A

One layer of trophoblast separates maternal blood from fetal capillary wall

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7
Q

What are the two portions of the placenta?

A
  • Fetal portion

- Maternal portion

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8
Q

What is the fetal portion of the placenta made up of?

A
  • Chorion frondsum

- Chorionic plate

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9
Q

What is the maternal portion of the placenta made up of?

A
  • Decidua basilis

- Decidual plate

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10
Q

What is most intimately incorporated into the placenta?

A

Decidual plate

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11
Q

What can be found between the chorionic and decidual plates?

A

Intervillus spaces

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12
Q

What fills the intervillus spaces?

A

Maternal blood

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13
Q

What projects into the intervillus spaces?

A

Decidual septae

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14
Q

When are decidual septae formed?

A

During months 4/5

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the decidual septae?

A

To divide the placenta into compartments called cotyledons

16
Q

What are three features of the first trimester placenta?

A
  • The placenta is established
  • Placental barrier to diffusion is relatively thick
  • Complete cytotrophoblast layer between syncitiotrophoblast
17
Q

What are three features of the term placenta?

A
  • Increased surface area for gas exchange
  • Placental barrier to diffusion is now thin
  • Cytotrophoblast layer is lost
18
Q

Which fetal blood vessels are present in the placenta?

A
  • Two umbilical arteries

- One umbilical vein

19
Q

What is the function of the umbilical arteries?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta

20
Q

What is the function of the umbilical vein?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus

21
Q

What is passive diffusion influenced by?

A
  • Concentration gradient
  • Barrier to diffusion
  • Diffusion distance
22
Q

Which substances are actively transported?

A
  • Amino acids
  • Iron
  • Vitamins
23
Q

Which substances move via facilitated diffusion?

A

Glucose

24
Q

Which substances move via simple diffusion?

A
  • Water
  • Electrolytes
  • Gases
  • Urea
  • Urease
25
Q

List five teratogens that may cross the placenta.

A
  • Thalidomide
  • Alcohol
  • Therapeutic drugs
  • Drugs of abuse
  • Maternal smoking
26
Q

List five pathogens that can cross the placenta,

A
  • Varicella zoster (VZV)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  • Treponema pallidum
  • Taxoplasma gondii
  • Rubella
27
Q

What four protein hormones are secreted by the placenta?

A
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
  • Human placental lactogen
  • Human chorionic thyrotropin
  • Human chorionic corticotropin
28
Q

What two steroid hormones are secreted by the placenta?

A
  • Progesterone

- Oestrogen

29
Q

Aside from hormones, what else does the placenta synthesise?

A
  • Cholesterol
  • Fatty acids
  • Glycogen
30
Q

When does maternal IgG begin to be transported to fetus?

A

Week 14

31
Q

How is maternal IgG transported to the fetus?

A

Receptor mediated pinocytosis

32
Q

What divides intervillus space into cotyledons?

A

Decidual septae

Reproductive System (12 decks)

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