Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology > The pituitary gland > Flashcards

The pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A messenger carried from the organ where they are produced to the organ whcih they affect by means of the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between a peptide and a steroid (synthesis)

A

Peptide is synthesised as prohormones which required further processing (in inactive form)

Steroid is synthesised from cholestrol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between a peptide and a steroid (storage)

A

Peptide it is stored in vesicles (regulatory secretion)

Steroid it is released immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between a peptide and a steroid (receptors)

A

Peptide binds to receptors on cell membrane and transduce signal using 2nd messenger systems

Steroid bind to intracellular receptors to change gene expression regularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagram of the pituitary

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are hypothalamic parvocellular neurons

A

Regulate anterior pituitary functions

Short, terminate on median eminence

Release hypothalamic factors into capillary plexus in median eminence

Hypothalamic regulatory factors carried by portal circulation to anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagram of anterior pituitary

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the steps of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system

A

Axon terminals of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells release hormones

Travel through portal system through leaky blood vessels

Arrive in anterior pituitary hormones

Either release or inhibit from anterior pituitary

Hormones leave via blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are smatotrophns

A

Growth hormone (somatotrophin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are lactotophs

A

Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are thyrotrophs

A

Thyroid stimulatin ghormone (TSH)/ thyrotrophin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are gonadotrophs

A

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are corticotrophs

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH or corticotrophin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What hormone triggers the release of growth hormone

A

Growth hormone releasing hormone

(Inhibitory) somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What hormone triggers the inhibition of prolactin

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What hormone triggers the release of thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

17
Q

What hormone triggers the release of LH and FSH

A

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone

18
Q

What hormone triggers the release of ACTH

A

Corticotrophin releasing hormone

19
Q

Main target cells of anterior pituitary hormones

A
20
Q

What is a bitemporal hemianopia

A

Peripheral vision is inhibited, cannot see outer view

Prevents sensory information from the lateral visual fields

21
Q

How does the neuroendocrine reflex arc of mild production work

A

Mechanical stimulation of nipple and surrounding area affects afferent pathways

Inhibit dopmaine release in hypothalamus

Less dopamine in hypothalamic-pituitary portal means less inhibition of anterior pituitary lactotrophs

Increase plasma prolactin increase milk secretion

22
Q

What are the mechanisms of growth hormone

A

Can travel to liver to stimulate liver to produce IGF-1 and IGF-2

Can travel straight towards body tissues

23
Q

What is acromegaly

A

Excess growth hormone

Coarsening of facial features

Macroglossia

Prominent nose

Increase hand and feet

Sweatiness/headache

24
Q

Why does acromegaly not affect height

A

Because the epiphyseal plates have already been fused which stops someone from growing

25
Q

How is the posterior pituitary gland different from anterior

A

Posterior is anatomically continous, continous neural tissues

26
Q

What are the hypothalamic magnocellular neurons of AVP called

A

Supraoptic

27
Q

What are the nuclei of oxytocin called

A

Paraventircular

28
Q

What are the hormones produced in the posterior pituitary

A

Arginine vasopressin (Anti diuretic hormone)

Oxytocin

29
Q

What is the action of vasopressin

A

Stimulation of water reabsorption in the renal collecting duct which concentrates urine

V2 receptors in the kidney

Also a vasoconstrictor via V1 receptors

Stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone

30
Q

What does oxytocin do

A

Cause contraction of myometrial cells and myoepithelial cells

31
Q

What are the roles of lactin and oxytocin for breastfeeding

A

Prolactin is responsible for milk storage and secretion

Oxytocin is responsible for ejection

32
Q

Summary of anterior and posterior pituitary hormones

A
33
Q

What anterior pituitary hromones typically target glands

A

Prolactin

LH

FSH

ACTH

TSH

34
Q

What is the difference between a peptide and a steroid (travel)

A

Peptide travels free in blood

Steroid bound to proteins

35
Q

What are the anterior pituitary glands and posterior pituitary glands known as

A

Adenohypophysis

Neurohypophysis

Endocrinology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions