the periodontium

Question 1

what is free gingiva?

Answer 1

coronal epithelial attachment

Question 2

what is attached gingivae?

Answer 2

tightly bound to underlying bone

Question 3

what are some signs of gingival health?

Answer 3

firm, pale, pink, stippling, no BOP, knife edged ID papilla,

Question 4

what are the 4 layers of oral epithelium?

Answer 4

1-basal layer
2-prickle layer
3-granular cell layer
4-keratinized layer

Question 5

what are the 3 regions of gingival epithelium?

Answer 5

1-oral gingival epithelium
2-oral sulcular epithelium
3-junctional epithelium

Question 6

name some features relating to oral gingival epithelium

Answer 6

• stratified squamous epithelium

- usually orthokeratinised

Question 7

name some features relating to the oral sulcular epithelium

Answer 7

• lines the gingival sulcus/crevis
• rete peg pattern
• not directly involved with epithelial attachment

Question 8

name some features associated with junctional epithelium

Answer 8

• forms epithelial attachment to the tooth

- cells shed from the JE into the gingival crevice

Question 9

name 4 cells found in gingival connective tissues

Answer 9

• fibroblasts
• macrophages
• neutrophils
• lymphocytes

Question 10

what are the 5 different collagen fibres?

Answer 10

• circular fibres
• transeptal fibres
• dento-gingival fibres
• dento-periosteal fibres
• crestal fibres

Question 11

what is collagen?

Answer 11

-collagen is a complex network of polysaccharides and proteins secreted by cells

Question 12

what is the function of the pdl?

Answer 12

• physical
• tissue formation
• nutrition
• sensory

Question 13

what are the 5 principle fibres?

Answer 13

• oblique fibers
• apical fibers
• horizontal fibers
• alveolar crest
• inter-radicular

Question 14

what are the fibers called that attach cementum(root) to the bone?

Answer 14

sharpeys fibers

Question 15

wha are the 3 main vessels of pdl?

Answer 15

• apical vessels
• perforating vessels
• gingival vessels

Question 16

what are the 2 directions of oxytalan fibers?

Answer 16

• parallel to root surface

- oblique to the root surface

Question 17

what are the two different types of cementum?

Answer 17

• cellular cementum

- acellular cementum

Question 18

what is ‘page &shroeder’

Answer 18

-the different lesions (4 phases)

Question 19

what are the 4 phases of page and shroeder?

Answer 19

1- initial lesion
2-early lesion
3-established lesion
4- advanced lesion

Question 20

what is the initial lesion?

Answer 20

• early stages of gingivitis
• 24-48 hrs of plaque accumulation
• vasodilation, increase PMNs &GCF

Question 21

what is the early lesion?

Answer 21

• Ig production and cytokine release
• loss of fibroblasts and collagen
• increased GCF and gingival swelling

Question 22

what is the established lesion?

Answer 22

• gingival connective tissue largely replaced by inflammatory exudate
• JE shows rete peg growth and ulceration
• bacterial products cause damage

Question 23

what is the advanced lesion?

Answer 23

• fibrosis in connective tissue
• ulceration and migration of JE
• breakdown of PDL fibres
• bone loss

Question 24

what are the clear cells?

Answer 24

• langerhaans cells
• merkel cells
• melanocytes
• lymphocytes