the periodontium Flashcards
what is free gingiva?
coronal epithelial attachment
what is attached gingivae?
tightly bound to underlying bone
what are some signs of gingival health?
firm, pale, pink, stippling, no BOP, knife edged ID papilla,
what are the 4 layers of oral epithelium?
1-basal layer
2-prickle layer
3-granular cell layer
4-keratinized layer
what are the 3 regions of gingival epithelium?
1-oral gingival epithelium
2-oral sulcular epithelium
3-junctional epithelium
name some features relating to oral gingival epithelium
- stratified squamous epithelium
- usually orthokeratinised
name some features relating to the oral sulcular epithelium
- lines the gingival sulcus/crevis
- rete peg pattern
- not directly involved with epithelial attachment
name some features associated with junctional epithelium
- forms epithelial attachment to the tooth
- cells shed from the JE into the gingival crevice
name 4 cells found in gingival connective tissues
- fibroblasts
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- lymphocytes
what are the 5 different collagen fibres?
- circular fibres
- transeptal fibres
- dento-gingival fibres
- dento-periosteal fibres
- crestal fibres
what is collagen?
-collagen is a complex network of polysaccharides and proteins secreted by cells
what is the function of the pdl?
- physical
- tissue formation
- nutrition
- sensory
what are the 5 principle fibres?
- oblique fibers
- apical fibers
- horizontal fibers
- alveolar crest
- inter-radicular
what are the fibers called that attach cementum(root) to the bone?
sharpeys fibers
wha are the 3 main vessels of pdl?
- apical vessels
- perforating vessels
- gingival vessels
what are the 2 directions of oxytalan fibers?
- parallel to root surface
- oblique to the root surface
what are the two different types of cementum?
- cellular cementum
- acellular cementum
what is ‘page &shroeder’
-the different lesions (4 phases)
what are the 4 phases of page and shroeder?
1- initial lesion
2-early lesion
3-established lesion
4- advanced lesion
what is the initial lesion?
- early stages of gingivitis
- 24-48 hrs of plaque accumulation
- vasodilation, increase PMNs &GCF
what is the early lesion?
- Ig production and cytokine release
- loss of fibroblasts and collagen
- increased GCF and gingival swelling
what is the established lesion?
- gingival connective tissue largely replaced by inflammatory exudate
- JE shows rete peg growth and ulceration
- bacterial products cause damage
what is the advanced lesion?
- fibrosis in connective tissue
- ulceration and migration of JE
- breakdown of PDL fibres
- bone loss
what are the clear cells?
- langerhaans cells
- merkel cells
- melanocytes
- lymphocytes
