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clinical practise 2 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 different ecology of bacteria?

A
  • free living
  • commensal
  • mutualistic
  • parasitic
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2
Q

what do the following terms mean:

1) sporatic
2) endemic
3) epidemic
4) pandemic

A

1- tiny bit here and there
2- present all the time
3-large no. appears in population
4. spreads over all places, 2 or more continents

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3
Q

name 4 gram +ve organisims within the mouth

A
  • streptococci spp.
  • staphylococci spp.
  • actinomyces spp.
  • lactobacilli
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4
Q

what bacteria is the leading cause in tooth decay?

A

streptococcus mutans

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5
Q

what is strepotooccus sanguinis often related to?

A

Infective endocarditis

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6
Q

sometimes prophylaxis was given to heart pts before dental treatment to reduce the risk of infective endocartditis. Is prophylaxis still given to reduce the risk of enfective endocartitis?

A

No. It is no longer recommended by NICE guidelines

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7
Q

what is the 2nd most important group of bacteria involved in dental caries?

A

lactobacilli

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8
Q

what is special about lactobacilli?

A

lactobacilli is aciduric and acidogenic

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9
Q

actinomyces is historically associated with what?

A

root caries

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10
Q

what diseases does actinomyces mediate?

A

abcesses and dentoalveolar infections

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11
Q

what gram +ve bacteria mediates caries and where?

eg. S. mutans=enamel caries

A
  • s.mutans=enamel caries
  • lactobacilli=dentinal caries
  • actinomyces=root surface caries
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12
Q

what are the 4 main groups of gram -ve bacteria in the mouth?

A
  • cocci
  • strict anaerobes
  • facultative anaerobes
  • curved rods
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13
Q

where are gram -ve bacteria often found and why?

A

In the gingival crevice due to anaerobic conditions

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14
Q

what colour are prevotella and porphyromonas?

A

dark/purple pigmented bacteria?

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15
Q

what does BspA do in tanerella forsythia?

A

induces bone reabsorbing pro-inflammmatory cytokines

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16
Q

what bacteria are associated with localised aggressive periodontitis?

A

actinobacilli actinomycetemcomintans

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17
Q

what are the principle bacteria involved with NUG?

A
  • Treponema vincentii&denticoli
  • fusobacterium nucleatum
  • prevotella intermedia
  • porphyromonas gingivalis`
  • spirochaete complex
18
Q

what is in the acquired salivary pellicle?

A

mucins, salivary glycoproteins, minerals and immunoglobulins

19
Q

what is the fimbriae (pili)?

A

hair like projections, allow for bacteria to adhere to enamel

20
Q

what is subgingival plaque influenced by?

A

influenced by gingival fluid

21
Q

how do viruses enter the host?

A
  • respiratory tract
  • GI tract
  • urogenitary tract
  • blood
22
Q

what is superficial candidosis?

A

thrush

23
Q

erythematous candidosis

A

denture wearing or prolonged drug therapy

24
Q

what are antifungal drugs?

A

antimitotics

25
Q

what is meant by beacteriostatic?

A

inhibit growth of bacteria

26
Q

what is meant by bacteriocidal?

A

kill bacteria

27
Q

what does tetracycline inhibit?

A

protein synthesis

28
Q

where do antibiotics target?

A

-cell wall, ribosome, DNA replication, DNA gyrases, metabolic pathways, cell membrane function

29
Q

does metronidazole have an effect when taken with alcohol?

A

YES

30
Q

what are the 4 types of vaccines?

A
  • toxoid
  • subunit
  • inactivated
  • live-attenuated
31
Q

what is meant by herd immunity?

A

the level of disease resistance of a community or population

32
Q

what bacteria are associated with chronic periodontitis?

A
  • fusobacterium nucleatum
  • porphyromonas gingivalis
  • spirochates
33
Q

what bacteria are involved with rapidly progressive periodontitis?

A
  • porphyromonas gingivalis
  • prevotella intermedia
  • fusobacterium nucleatum
34
Q

what bacteria are in the red complex?

A
  • porphyromonas gingivalis
  • tannerella forsythia
  • treponema denticola
35
Q

what bacteria are in the orange complex?

A
  • fusobacterium nucleatum

- prevotella intermedia

36
Q

what are the two types of natural immunity?

A
  • active

- passive

37
Q

give an example of natural active immunity

A

-natural recovery from infection

38
Q

give an example of natural passive immunity

A

-maternal antibodies

39
Q

what are the two different types of artificial immunity?

A
  • active

- passive

40
Q

give an example of artificial active immunity

A

vaccination

41
Q

give an example of artificial passive immunity

A

immunisation

clinical practise 2 (12 decks)

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