Microbiology Flashcards
what are the 4 different ecology of bacteria?
- free living
- commensal
- mutualistic
- parasitic
what do the following terms mean:
1) sporatic
2) endemic
3) epidemic
4) pandemic
1- tiny bit here and there
2- present all the time
3-large no. appears in population
4. spreads over all places, 2 or more continents
name 4 gram +ve organisims within the mouth
- streptococci spp.
- staphylococci spp.
- actinomyces spp.
- lactobacilli
what bacteria is the leading cause in tooth decay?
streptococcus mutans
what is strepotooccus sanguinis often related to?
Infective endocarditis
sometimes prophylaxis was given to heart pts before dental treatment to reduce the risk of infective endocartditis. Is prophylaxis still given to reduce the risk of enfective endocartitis?
No. It is no longer recommended by NICE guidelines
what is the 2nd most important group of bacteria involved in dental caries?
lactobacilli
what is special about lactobacilli?
lactobacilli is aciduric and acidogenic
actinomyces is historically associated with what?
root caries
what diseases does actinomyces mediate?
abcesses and dentoalveolar infections
what gram +ve bacteria mediates caries and where?
eg. S. mutans=enamel caries
- s.mutans=enamel caries
- lactobacilli=dentinal caries
- actinomyces=root surface caries
what are the 4 main groups of gram -ve bacteria in the mouth?
- cocci
- strict anaerobes
- facultative anaerobes
- curved rods
where are gram -ve bacteria often found and why?
In the gingival crevice due to anaerobic conditions
what colour are prevotella and porphyromonas?
dark/purple pigmented bacteria?
what does BspA do in tanerella forsythia?
induces bone reabsorbing pro-inflammmatory cytokines
what bacteria are associated with localised aggressive periodontitis?
actinobacilli actinomycetemcomintans
what are the principle bacteria involved with NUG?
- Treponema vincentii&denticoli
- fusobacterium nucleatum
- prevotella intermedia
- porphyromonas gingivalis`
- spirochaete complex
what is in the acquired salivary pellicle?
mucins, salivary glycoproteins, minerals and immunoglobulins
what is the fimbriae (pili)?
hair like projections, allow for bacteria to adhere to enamel
what is subgingival plaque influenced by?
influenced by gingival fluid
how do viruses enter the host?
- respiratory tract
- GI tract
- urogenitary tract
- blood
what is superficial candidosis?
thrush
erythematous candidosis
denture wearing or prolonged drug therapy
what are antifungal drugs?
antimitotics
what is meant by beacteriostatic?
inhibit growth of bacteria
what is meant by bacteriocidal?
kill bacteria
what does tetracycline inhibit?
protein synthesis
where do antibiotics target?
-cell wall, ribosome, DNA replication, DNA gyrases, metabolic pathways, cell membrane function
does metronidazole have an effect when taken with alcohol?
YES
what are the 4 types of vaccines?
- toxoid
- subunit
- inactivated
- live-attenuated
what is meant by herd immunity?
the level of disease resistance of a community or population
what bacteria are associated with chronic periodontitis?
- fusobacterium nucleatum
- porphyromonas gingivalis
- spirochates
what bacteria are involved with rapidly progressive periodontitis?
- porphyromonas gingivalis
- prevotella intermedia
- fusobacterium nucleatum
what bacteria are in the red complex?
- porphyromonas gingivalis
- tannerella forsythia
- treponema denticola
what bacteria are in the orange complex?
- fusobacterium nucleatum
- prevotella intermedia
what are the two types of natural immunity?
- active
- passive
give an example of natural active immunity
-natural recovery from infection
give an example of natural passive immunity
-maternal antibodies
what are the two different types of artificial immunity?
- active
- passive
give an example of artificial active immunity
vaccination
give an example of artificial passive immunity
immunisation
