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clinical practise 2 > restorative 1 > Flashcards

restorative 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is primary cuticle?

A

-remnants of tooth development

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2
Q

what is materia alba?

A

-residue of food essentially ‘floating’ in the mouth

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3
Q

how is the acquired salivary pellicle protective in three ways?

A

1- glycoproteins and calcium phosphate are adsorbed onto the tooth making it more resistant to tooth wear
2-resticts diffusion of acid from sugar breakdown
3-contains antibacterial factors

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4
Q

what are the antibacterial factors in the pellicle?

A

1-antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM)
2-complement(complex community of proteins)
3-lysozome(enzyme that attacks the cell wall of any pathogen)

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5
Q

Give some examples of extrinsic staining

A
  • yellow stain
  • tobacco stain
  • greenstain
  • black line stain
  • drugs&dentifrices
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6
Q

is plaque mineralised or not mineralised?

A

plaque is unmineralized. Calculus is mineralised

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7
Q

what are the most cariogenic sugars?

A

-sucrose and glucose are the most, then fructose and lactose

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8
Q

what are some signs of healthy gums?

A
  • pink
  • firm
  • stippling
  • knife edged ID papilla
  • no BOP
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9
Q

can gingivitis be reversed?

A

yes gingivitis can be reversed with improvement of oral hygiene

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10
Q

where is calculus commonly found?

A

next to salivary ducts. Whartons and stensons ducts

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11
Q

what percent of calculus is inorganic salts?

A

70-80%

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12
Q

what are 4 principle crystalline forms of calculus?

A
  • hydroxyapatite
  • magnesium whitlochlorite
  • octacalcium phosphate
  • brushite
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13
Q

brushite is commonly found in what type of calculus?

A

-supra calculus and new calculus

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14
Q

what are the 3 mineralisation theories?

A

1-carbon dioxide theory
2-formation of ammonia theory
3-nucleation theory

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15
Q

what is the carbon dioxide theory?

A

freshly secreted saliva has a higher conc. of carbon dioxide than the oral cavity, resulting in carbon dioxide escaping from the saliva causing a rise in pH

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16
Q

what is the formation of ammonia theory?

A

rapid calculus formers have increased urea concentration in saliva. Ammonia is the breakdown product of urea, the ammonia then causes an increase in pH levels

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17
Q

what is the nucleation theory?

A

crystalisation. This theory is not as well known

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18
Q

name two anti-calculus agents

A

pyrophosphates and diphosphonate

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19
Q

what is a periodontal pocket?

A

a pathologically deppened gingival crevice characterised by the migration of the junctional epithelium on to the root surface

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20
Q

what is bursts theory?

A

pattern of destruction varies over time and that bursts of activity are random. A burst of activity can account for more than 3mm of attachment loss in a few weeks

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21
Q

what does a 2 mean on millers mobility index?

A

2- mobility of crown more than 1mm in horizontal direction

22
Q

what is meant by trifurcation?

A

3 roots

23
Q

does WHO probe give a measurement?

A

NO. WHO probe gives a score not a measurement

24
Q

what is the treatment for a code 4 BPE?

A
  • full plaque, bleeding and 6 point charts

- RSD

25
Q

how many ppm is recommended in childrens toothpaste?

A

500ppm

26
Q

how many ppm is recommended in adults toothpaste?

A

1450ppm

27
Q

what is in toothpaste?

A
  • abrasive
  • humectant
  • binding agent
  • detergent
  • preservative
  • colouring
  • flavouring
  • therapuetic
  • anti-plaque agents
  • buffering agent
28
Q

what does the humectant do in toothpaste?

A

-prevents water loss

29
Q

give an example of a detergent in toothpaste

A

sodium lauryl sulphate

30
Q

what do we usually recommend you do when brushing?

A
  • spit dont rinse

- pea sized amount of toothpaste

31
Q

what are some advantages of chlorhexidine?

A
  • kills bacteria by damaging the cell wall
  • has a greater and more prolonged effect than other mouthwashes
  • ability to adhere to tooth surface for long periods of time
  • non-toxic
32
Q

what are some disadvantages of chlorhexidine?

A
  • unpleasant taste
  • alters taste sensation
  • stains teeth
  • encourages calculus formation
  • may cause parotid swelling or mucosal erosion

prolonged use should not be encouraged

33
Q

give an example of phenolic mouthwash

A

-listerine

34
Q

what type of mouthwash is peroxyl?

A

-oxygenating mouthwash

35
Q

what are two mouth washes containing natural products?

A

-sanguinarine and propolis

36
Q

what ppm of flouride is in duraphat flouride varnish?

A

26,000 ppm

37
Q

why would chlorhexidine varnishes be applied to rooth surfaces?

A

-to reduce sensitivity

38
Q

what are two methods of delivery of flouride?

A
  • systemic

- topical

39
Q

how many mg of flouride drops/tablets should be given to the following ages:

  1. 6 months - 3 years
  2. 3-6yrs
  3. 6+ years
A
  1. 0.25mg
  2. 0.5mg
  3. mg
40
Q

where do you place flouride tablets to get best effect and why?

A
  • sulcus

- for slow undisturbed dissolution

41
Q

what is a problem with water flouridation? with regards to ethics.

A
  • violates the principle of informed consent

- “process by which a fully informed patient can participate in choices about their health”

42
Q

what do you get someone to do if the have reached the toxicity does of flouride?

A
  • large glass of milk

- hospitalisation

43
Q

what are the lethal doses of flouride for adults?

A

-5-10gms

44
Q

what is the lethal does of flouride for children?

A

-more than 5. if so then hospitalisation

45
Q

how often should you change your toothbrush?

A

-every 3 months

46
Q

what are the 5 A’s? (smoking)

A
  • ask
  • advise
  • assess
  • assisst
  • arrange
47
Q

what are the 5 R’s (smoking)

A
  • relevance
  • risk
  • reward
  • roadblock
  • repetition
48
Q

what is a brief intervention?

A

-opportunistic way of approaching smoking cessation

49
Q

what are some examples of nicotine replacement therapy?

A
  • patches
  • gums
  • lozenges
  • nasal spray
  • E cigarettes
50
Q

what are some examples of non-nicotine replacement therapy?

A
  • champix
  • dumy cigarrettes
  • complimentary therapies
  • hypnosis
  • diet
  • exercise

clinical practise 2 (12 decks)

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