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clinical practise 2 > perio seminars > Flashcards

perio seminars Flashcards

1
Q

what are 4 factors required for caries?

A
  • dental plaque
  • carbohydrate
  • time
  • susceptible tooth
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2
Q

what is the main organism involved with caries?

A

s.mutans

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3
Q

what are the 3 main epidemiological surveys used in caries?

A
  1. national diet and nutritional survey
  2. scottish health boards dental epidemiological programme
  3. adult dental health survey
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4
Q

what does the NDIP stand for?

A

national dental inspection programme

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5
Q

what is another word for rampant caries?

A

nursing bottle caries

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6
Q

what is the cause of periradicular periodontitis?

A

toxins spread through the rot apex

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7
Q

what is an abscess?

A

an abscess is a localised accumulation of pus cause by an infection

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8
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

cellulitis is the swelling of soft tissue of mouth and face from a diffuse spread of infection and inflammation along facial planes

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9
Q

what is ludwig angina?

A
  • a progression of severe cellulitis
  • involves the FOM
  • causes difficulty in swallowing
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10
Q

what does NME sugar stand for?

A

non-milk extrinsic sugars

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11
Q

give an example of an NME?

A

sucrose

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12
Q

what is the most cariogenic sugar?

A

sucrose then followed by glucose and fructose

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13
Q

where are intrinsic sugars found?

A

found in fruit and veg

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14
Q

what are the main sources of sugars in the diet?

A
  • nme’s

- sweets and sugary drinks

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15
Q

what are the two types of non-sugar sweeteners?

A

-intense

bulk

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16
Q

what would be some dietary advice to prevent caries?

A

-tb 2 x daily with flouride tp
-spit dont rinse
-pea sized amount of toothpaste
decrease frequency and amount of NME sugars

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17
Q

caries is most prevelant in what kind of families?

A

low socio-economic status families

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18
Q

what is the aetiology of xerostomia?

A
  • medication
  • radiation
  • salivary gland surgery
  • related to systemic diseases
19
Q

what are some clinical signs of xerostomia?

A

-dry, glosyy atrophic mucosa
-fungal or bacterial mucosal infections
angular chelitis
-caries
-difficulty swallowing/chewing

20
Q

what is the tx of xerostomia?

A
  • change medication
  • saliva substitute
  • flouride supplements
  • excellent OH
21
Q

what is seen as ‘low risk caries’

A
  • regular attender
  • fit and healthy
  • socially advantaged
  • lives in flouridated area
  • low sugar diet
  • good oh
22
Q

what is seen as ‘moderate risk caries’?

A
  • non flouridated are
  • oh fair
  • white spot lesions
  • 2 small restoration
23
Q

what is seen as ‘high caries risk’?

A
  • poor attender
  • special needs
  • socially disadvantaged
  • non-flouridated area
24
Q

what does DIFOTI stand for?

A

digital imaging fibre optic transillumination

25
Q

what is DIAGNOdent?

A
  • laser flourescence

- tooth structure flouresces when irradiated by a laser light of specific wavelength

26
Q

what are the 2 systems of digital imaging?

A
  • cordless

- corded

27
Q

what organism do carious vaccines target?

A

s.mutans

28
Q

what is the mode of action of flouride?

A
  1. having an effect on enamel structure
  2. alteration in tooth morphology
  3. action on bacterial plaque
29
Q

in what 2 ways does flouride make the enamel apatite crystals less soluble?

A
  1. becomes incorporated as flourapatite which is less soluble
  2. flouride displaces carbon and magnesium ions from apatite crystals
30
Q

in what 3 ways does flouride have an effect on enamel remineralization after acid attack?

A
  1. flouride releases more soluble carbonate of enamel
  2. acid attack= release of flouride ions from enamel surface into saliva. favouring remineralisation
  3. flouride accumulates in early carious lesions at concentrations high enough to reduce solubility
31
Q

how does flouride alter the shape of teeth?

A
  • wider fissures
  • more rounded cusps
  • enamel and dentine thinner
32
Q

what is a gingival abscess?

A

-abscess confined to the gingivae

33
Q

what is gingival abscess associated with?

A

-trauma

34
Q

what is a periodontal abscess?

A
  • formation of puss in periodontal tissues
  • localised area of inflammation
  • endogenous pyogenic micro-organisms
  • possible toxic features in plaque
35
Q

what are some examples of/features of a periodontal abscess?

A
  • a consequence of pulp disease
  • painful
  • tooth may be mobile, red, swollen
  • supuration
  • often associated with a deep pocket
36
Q

when might a perio-endo lesion occur?

A
  • apical abscess has spread laterally
  • creates a periodontal lesion or unites with a pre-existing lateral lesion
  • when a perio lesion extends close to the tooth apex
  • pulp infection has spread via accesory canals into the periodontal tissues
37
Q

what are the 2 types of occlusal trauma?

A
  1. primary occlusal trauma

2. secondary occlusal trauma

38
Q

what is primary occlusal trauma?

A
  • tissue damage caused by applying excessive occlusal loads to a previously healthy periodontium
    (eg. ortho tx)
39
Q

what is secondary occlusal trauma?

A

-tissue dmage caused by normal functional stress applied to an impaired periodontium

40
Q

what are some systemic risk factors?

GEBLTMH

A
  • genetic
  • enviromental
  • behavioural
  • lifestyle
  • metabloic
  • harmatological
41
Q

what are the stages of behavioural change?

A
  • precontemplation
  • contemplation
  • preperation
  • action
  • maintenance
  • termination
42
Q

what are the 5 A’s?

A
  • ask
  • advise
  • assess
  • assist
  • arrange
43
Q

what are the 5 R’s?

A
  • relevance
  • risk
  • reward
  • roadblock
  • repetition
44
Q

what is sarcoidosis?

A
  • a granulomatous condition of uncertain aetiology

- gingiva may have hyperplastic, granulomatous appearance with superficial ulceration

clinical practise 2 (12 decks)

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